Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Vocational training

Relationships in the Workplace

What is Communication?

Communication is a circular process involving a sender, a message, and a receiver. This process also includes the channel, noise, code, and context. In this circular process, elements influence each other.

Axioms of Human Communication

1. It's Impossible Not to Communicate - Behavior = Communication

Communication is a fluid and multifaceted process with many modes of behavior (verbal, postural, tonal, context), where all elements contribute to the meaning conveyed to others.

All behavior is communication. Everything we do communicates something. Even ignoring communication is a form of communication. For example, consider the interaction (or lack thereof) when we share an elevator with a stranger.... Continue reading "Effective Workplace Communication: Building Strong Relationships" »

Assessment in Primary Education

• It is an integral part of the teaching-learning process.
• It is a fundamental component of the curriculum.
• It focuses on the student, classroom, and center.
• Objectives and curriculum serve as references.
• It is a means for continuous improvement.
• Assessment techniques must be consistent with the learning objectives.

Purpose and Objectives of Assessment

• Its primary purpose is to improve educational intervention.
• Specific objectives include:
• Monitoring the progress of children.
• Evaluating teaching practices.
• Assessing the functioning of the educational center.
• Evaluating student progress, teaching methods, and the center's effectiveness.

Characteristics of Effective Assessment

• Global: It should assess the full range of children'

1.4.2 Attention

Attention is the capacity that allows us to focus awareness on what we need at any given moment.

1. Stimulus Factors

The intensity and predictability of a stimulus influence attention:

• Greater intensity captures more attention.
• Unexpected stimuli are more attention-grabbing.

2. Personal Factors

Willingness and internal states affect attention:

• Fatigue, sleepiness, and hunger negatively impact attention span.
• Mood, mental fatigue, interest, and humor also affect attention.

Benefits of Attention

Attention enables us to:

• React to stimuli promptly.
• Discriminate desired stimuli and prevent distractions (perceptual defense).
• Maintain sustained focus on an activity.
• Perform multiple tasks effectively.

1.4.3 Memory

Memory is the ability to encode, store,... Continue reading "Enhancing Attention and Memory: Key Factors and Processes" »

Brand: Definition and Importance

A brand is a name, term, symbol, design, or a combination thereof, which aims to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and differentiate them from competitors. The brand is a fundamental aspect of a product strategy; it is the formal identification of the product, in order to differentiate it from the competition. It protects customers and vendors from competitors who want to market products that appear equal.

Elements of a Brand

• Brand Name: The part of a brand that can be spoken.
• Brand Mark: The emblem distinguishes a brand, product, or company and is recognized by sight.
• Logo: Consists of numbers or abbreviations to facilitate typesetting.

Key Features of a Strong Brand

• Easy to learn and

SPC Control System

SPC Control System refers to the method of controlling a switching system.

• Centralized SPC Control: If a given processor has direct access to all resources of the node and performs all system functions. This usually means the node has a single central computer (doubled for security).
• Distributed SPC Control: If a processor is in a given state but does not have access to some of the resources and/or is not able to run only some of the functions of the system. In practice, this leads to an existing digital system with a high number of microprocessors that perform the control node as a whole.

Functions of Switching Systems

Switching systems provide power and signaling with user terminals. The user, via the wire pair of the switching... Continue reading "SPC Control Systems: Centralized vs. Distributed" »

Obligations and Rights

A person (the debtor) has bought an item and has not yet paid the seller (the creditor).

An obligation is a legal bond that links two or more people. At least one of them, known as the debtor, is subject to performing a benefit for another, called the creditor.

The obligation and the right to credit represent two sides of the same reality.

Content of the Obligational Relationship

The debtor and creditor are united by a bond that is composed of two elements: debit and responsibility.

• Debit: This requires the debtor to perform a benefit, which the creditor can demand to fulfill a legitimate interest under their credit right. Debit must be accompanied by responsibility.
• Responsibility: This has a patrimonial character; it is a

Human Language: Unique Characteristics

Human language possesses several distinctive characteristics that set it apart from animal communication systems. These features contribute to its complexity, flexibility, and power.

Creativity

Humans have the ability to construct new sentences, enabling us to convey novel experiences to our listeners. We possess an infinite capacity to express and understand the meaning of sentences by using known elements to produce new ones. This contrasts with the fixed and limited set of calls used by animals.

Displacement

We can refer to events and objects that are not spatially or temporally present. This displacement feature is fundamental to cultural and technical progress and is not observed in any other animal species.... Continue reading "Human Language: Unique Characteristics and Properties" »

6 º Terminal Operator

The 6th terminal operator is the most difficult to handle due to the variety of services offered, traffic channels, and call distribution. It has a greater number of function keys, other terminal extensions, and a large display that takes advantage of the exchange. It came with the PBX to manage the exchange well and has a higher cost than any other type of terminal. It did not exist in KTS systems.

7 º Architecture services of a PABX and block diagram

Services architecture in a private digital exchange:

Usual ports Specifications:

Basic System:

• Two gateways T.
• Two ports S.
• Two analog extension ports / b.
• Eight proprietary extension ports.

Through expansion units:

• A link port T.
• Three-port S.
• Four link ports a / b.

Units options:

• Intercom

Division of Law

There are two main groups: public law and private law, further subdivided into different branches:

Public Law

Public law regulates the activity of the state and public affairs, including their relationships when acting in an official capacity with the public. It is divided into:

• Administrative Law: Contains the rules governing the activities and operation of the State and bodies for political execution.
• Other Branches: Public international law, criminal law, tax law, procedural law, Community law, and labor law.

Private Law

Private law governs relations between individuals. It is divided into:

• Employment law
• Private international law
• Civil law
• Commercial law

Sources of Law

Sources of law refer to the origins and manifestations of legal rules.... Continue reading "Public and Private Law: Sources, Divisions, and Powers" »

The Vietnam War

The Vietnam War began when the Communist Vietcong launched a struggle for the reunification of Vietnam with the help of China and the USSR. The United States sent weapons to support the Saigon regime. In the 1960s, Presidents Kennedy and Johnson sent in troops. The Vietnam War was a peripheral conflict. In American society, a broad movement of rejection emerged. The United States withdrew its troops in 1973, and in 1975, the Communists achieved the country's reunification.

The Upsurge in Tension Between the Blocks

The end of the decade saw a new escalation of tensions with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The United States, in turn, increased its interventions in Latin America. Ronald Reagan arrived at the White House in 1981.... Continue reading "Vietnam War: Causes, Impact, and End of Communism" »