Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Vocational training

Forecasting Market Methods: Long and Short Term

A company’s production schedules, planned manning levels, and financial budgeting are all related to the sales forecast. A too optimistic forecast can lead to excess stocks being accumulated, over-production and high manning levels, and over-borrowing or inefficient deployment of financial resources. A pessimistic forecast can lead to large opportunity costs and frustration among potential buyers because of late or no delivery. Firms adopt various approaches to sales forecasting, but the basic approach is to (according to T. Proctor):

Stage 1.

Make an environmental forecast regarding inflation, employment, interest rates, consumer spending and saving, and business investment.

Stage 2.

Make a forecast... Continue reading "Market Forecasting Methods: Short & Long Term Techniques" »

Phases in Web Creation

1. Stage 1: Conceptualization

(1) Project Definition:

• Gather as much information as possible to determine what you want (and don't want) for your site.
• Analyze websites you currently use, along with competitors' sites, and gather feedback from colleagues and business peers.
• Develop a solid understanding of the company that will own the site.
• Define the website's purpose, goals, target audience, and content.

(2) Project Scope:

• Create a well-defined project scope plan outlining specific activities, deliverables, and timelines to set clear expectations.

Gantt Chart:

• One of the most common ways to track web projects.
• Outlines major activities, associated tasks, and start and end dates.
• Provides a visual reference for the team.
• Creates

October Revolution: Rise of the Bolsheviks in Russia

Kerensky's government aimed to establish a parliamentary republic in Russia. However, the Bolsheviks and the Petrograd Soviet opposed these plans, seeking to create a new Republic of Soviets.

The Revolutionary Days

The Bolshevik party had been banned, and Lenin was in exile. Despite this, Lenin remained determined to seize power, and the Soviets planned the insurrection. The victory in Petrograd was decisive, and the revolution subsequently spread to Moscow and several industrialized areas.

First Revolutionary Measures

The Second Congress of Soviets overthrew the provisional government and approved the formation of a council headed by Lenin, which became the first government of workers and peasants.... Continue reading "The October Revolution: Rise of the Bolsheviks in Russia" »

CLASS #5

Recap:

• The gangster film
• A Warner Bros. specialty
• Gangsters had to die
• Cagney, Robinson, Raft and Bogart
• “White Heat” last of the great Warner gangster films

THE WESTERN

The Western glamorized and glorified the American spirit of independence and expansion.

• Guys in the white hat, good, guys in the black hat, bad.
• Native American almost always bad
• Native American, stereotypes and rarely depicted by actual Native Americans
• Westerns began in silent era: “Squaw Man” directed by Cecil B. DeMille
• Early Stars: William S. Hart, Tom Mix, Roy Rogers, Gene Autry
• Republic Pictures – Herbert Yates
• Western serials – shorts
• Lone Ranger
• “Shane”
• “Unforgiven” – Clint Eastwood
• Spaghetti Westerns – Sergio Leone
• TV westerns – Bonanza, Gunsmoke
• “Stage

Exam Review

Class #1: That's Entertainment!

"That's Entertainment!" – a 1974 film that got me hooked on the movies.

Brief background on the studio system: MGM, Warner Bros., Paramount, Universal, Columbia.

"Boy, do we need it now" was the slogan during the Vietnam War and Watergate.

It was the 50^th anniversary of MGM.

Road Show Picture: overtures, intermission, souvenir program.

Musical film: an original American art form.

"La La Land" drew inspiration from "Begin the Beguine," "Dancing in the Dark," and "American in Paris Ballet."

An era when movie stars could be singers and dancers, such as Fred Astaire, Gene Kelly, and Judy Garland.

Esther Williams starred in "Aqua Musicals."

Blackface: an outgrowth of Minstrel Shows – more later.

Lena Horne and... Continue reading "Classic Hollywood Cinema: Musicals and Comedians" »

Passive Voice

Present Simple: sell // are sold

Present Continuous: are selling // are being sold

Past Simple: sold // were sold

Past Continuous: were selling // were being sold

Present Perfect Simple: have sold // have been sold

Present Perfect Continuous: have been sold // have been being sold

Past Perfect Simple: had sold // had been sold

Future Simple: will sell // will be sold

Future Perfect: will have sold // will have been sold

Modals: can sell // can be sold

Modal Perfects: must have sold // must have been sold

Have to: have to sell // have to be sold

Be going to: are going to sell // are going to be sold

Causative Form

Have/get + something + done (v). Conjugate 'have' or 'get' according to the tense. Example: I always have my nails polished for New... Continue reading "English Grammar Tenses, Conditionals, and Connectors" »

An internal analysis was made on the students' preparation and it is evident that 30% of the participants are men and they are more focused on having a logical thinking, obtaining a broad education, respecting different ideologies and organizing their time. They seek to develop the work environment by exploiting these qualities.

Women tend to focus on leaving a better image of themselves, exploiting their writing, reading and verbal expression that makes them look more intellectual and prepared for the future.

Both men and women are willing to work individually and in groups, which shows that they are multifaceted and adapt easily to their work environment. They also seek to update themselves in the technological area and increase their knowledge.... Continue reading "Gender Analysis of Student Preparation and Work Environment" »

Partnerships and Limited Companies

Partnership: A business carried on in common with a view to profit.

Advantages:

• Shared responsibility
• Economies of scale
• Private accounts
• Spread profit for tax purposes

Disadvantages:

• Shared profit
• Joint and several liability
• Disagreements
• All profits taxed

Limited Company: Owned by shareholders, run by directors. It can be a public or private company and is a separate legal entity that pays corporation tax.

Advantages:

• Limited liability
• Perpetual succession
• Corporation tax

Disadvantages:

• Running costs
• Personal guarantees may be required
• Filing deadlines
• Private transactions
• Owner vs. manager conflict (payout or reinvest)
• Privacy (public accounts)

Inheritance Tax - Agricultural Property Relief

Must be occupied for 2 years. Relief... Continue reading "Partnerships, Limited Companies, and UK Tax Reliefs" »

By 1800, the London Corresponding Society and Paine’s The Rights of Man were banned by the government. As Thompson explained, every time the working classes tried to assert their rights, they were repressed. However, The Rights of Man continued to be read and circulated in secret.

Thompson´s Making of the English working class can be divided into three parts: