Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Bone Formation Processes

Intramembranous Bone Formation

Bone forms via the direct secretion of bone matrix within connective tissue, without any intermediate formation of cartilage. There is no formation of cartilage in this process.

Key characteristics:

• Occurs in the periosteum (external part), endosteum, alveolar bone, and sutures.
• In the craniofacial vault complex, this type occurs specifically in the cranial vault and jaws.

Endochondral Bone Formation

In this process, cartilage is converted into bone.

Key characteristics:

• In early stages, cartilage is present from the nose to the cranial base and occipital bone.
• Prenatally, a series of synchondroses exist within and between the ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital bones. These facilitate rapid increase

Adjectives vs. Adverbs

Choose the Correct Word (Adjective or Adverb)

1. We lost the match because we didn’t play very (good/well).
2. Tom drove (careful/carefully) along the narrow road.
3. She speaks (perfect/perfectly) French.
4. I was (great/greatly) impressed by their presentation.
5. I was (suddenly/sudden) surprised by Alice.
6. John is an (intelligent/intelligently) student.
7. We didn’t go out because it was raining (heavy/heavily).
8. She speaks English (perfect/perfectly).
9. They seemed (extreme/extremely) satisfied.
10. He looked at me (angry/angrily) when I interrupted him.

Choose the Right Option

1. She denied taking the mobile phone, but no one believed her.
a) take
b) taking
2. You’ve been robbed. Try to put an alarm.
a) to

1. Complete the Sentences with the Right Option (1.5 points)

1. I'm going ……. at the new hairdresser's.
   a) to cut my hair                                            b) to get my haircut
2. She needs to…….…
   a) have her car repairs.                                   b) have her car repaired.
3. She is going to the shop to……………………..
   a) have developed these photos                    b) have these photos developed
4. He ……... while he was away on holiday.
   a) had his flat burgled.                                b) burgled his flat.
5. I ………... my phone repaired after I dropped it.
   a) had.                                                              

1. Complete the Sentences with the Right Option (1.5p)

Units 1 & 2

Ejercicio 1: Present Simple, Continuous, Perfect

1. is studying computer.
2. Is she working at the moment?
3. walks.
4. Do they finish?
5. doesn't like.
6. hasn't found.
7. is waiting.
8. rises.
9. have had.
10. Have you bought...?

Ejercicio 2: Past Simple, Continuous, Perfect

1. began.
2. Were you doing...? saw.
3. got... left.
4. was fixing.
5. were playing... arrived.
6. waited... had broken.
7. fell down... was going.
8. had used... took.
9. were coming... had paid.
10. were surfing... phoned.

Ejercicio 3: Questions for the Text Above

(Assuming the answers below correspond to a text not fully provided, these are corrected questions based on the fragments.)

1. What does this company export to South America?
2. In 20 years, what will Sara be working on?
3. What did the guys break last night?
4. Where are they working for an

Adjective Antonyms

Word → Opposite

• Egocentric → Selfless
• Lazy → Hardworking
• Solitary → Sociable
• Flexible → Stubborn
• Rational → Emotional
• Reliable → Unreliable
• Shy → Extroverted
• Sensitive → Insensitive
• Ambitious → Generous (Note: This isn't a direct opposite, consider "Unambitious")
• Selfish → Selfless
• Solitary → Sociable
• Impatient → Patient
• Unambitious → Ambitious
• Disorganized → Organized
• Creative → Uncreative
• Persuasive → Unpersuasive
• Undecisive → Decisive

Translation Exercises

Exercise 1

Spanish: Estaría muy agradecido si me pudiera enviar su último catálogo y algunas muestras.

English: I would be very grateful if you could send me your latest catalog and some samples.

Spanish: Esperamos que le interesen nuestros productos,... Continue reading "English to Spanish Translation Exercises & Sample Cover Letter" »

Rephrasing Examples

• He's never driven a Porsche before.
  • It's the first time he's ever driven a Porsche.
  • This is the first time he's ever driven a Porsche.
• They have never heard such a funny joke.
  • It's the funniest joke they've ever heard.
• It's a week since she visited me.
  • She hasn't visited me for a week.
• I last called her two days ago.
  • The last time I called her was two days ago.
  • I haven't called her for two days.
• When did she buy the car?
  • How long ago did she buy the car?
  • How long is it since she bought the car?

Writing: Describing a Place

The best place that I have ever visited was (place). I was with my (my friends/family) when I was (number) years old. It was great because we had a good time then.

In (place) you can find several (mountains, rivers, beaches.... Continue reading "Mastering English: Rephrasing, Writing, and Grammar" »

This document details significant hominin fossil discoveries and the crucial milestones in human evolution, from early bipedalism to the development of complex thought and culture.

Notable Hominin Fossils and Their Characteristics

Strategic Business Meeting: Product Launch & Market Expansion

Meeting Transcript: New Product Line Discussion

Opening Remarks and Casual Conversation

Ms. Smith: Oh, sorry, I'm late.

Mr. Laurents: Don't worry, Ms. Kampala just arrived, and now we are chit-chatting about yesterday's scandal. Did you hear that Ana Rosa is pregnant?

Ms. Smith: Really? No, I didn't hear that. This morning I just watched the weather for today, and they were right: today is a beautiful day.

Ms. Kampala: Oh yes! Today I can wear my summer dress!

Product Proposal Acceptance

Ms. Smith: That's fine. Okay, guys, let's start. Do you accept the proposal?

Mr. Laurents: Yes, of course! It's a good idea that can make us earn a lot of money.

Ms. Kampala: But first, we will lose money.... Continue reading "Product Strategy & Global Market Entry" »