Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

Exercise 3 – Analyzing the Financial Impact of Price and Volume Changes on Apple iPhones

Apple iPhone Sales and Manufacturing Costs

In 2014, Apple sold approximately 150,000,000 iPhones at a price of $640 per unit. The company's average manufacturing cost per iPhone is detailed in Table 1.

Table 2 outlines Apple's fixed costs associated with its iPhone business.

NORMS AFFECTING TRANSLATION: According to Toury Preliminary norms (which includes translation policy and directness of translation) Operational norms (Matricial norms, Textual-linguistic norms).

1.Many people dream of being famous,but do famous people have better lives?

The Road to Brazilian Independence (1815–1822)

Brazil was inhabited by the royal court led by King Dom João VI. In 1815, he named his son, Dom Pedro, the Regent Prince, giving him authority to govern Brazil when the King left or died.

The Constitutional Crisis and the Return to Portugal

In 1820, Portugal experienced the Constitutional Revolution, initiated by liberal constitutionalists. This movement led to the constituent assembly's meeting (known as the Cortes), which decided to create the first constitution of the kingdom and to demand the return of King Dom João from Brazil.

On April 26, 1821, the King left Brazil in the hands of his son Dom Pedro and returned to Portugal.

Military Manipulation and Dom Pedro's Resolve

The military took the... Continue reading "Dom Pedro I and Brazil's Declaration of Independence (1822)" »

Cuba suffered from its dependency on the U.S. and the reduced demand for sugar. In 1959, it became the scene of the most successful social revolution in Latin America.

Foundations of Cuban Independence

Key Figures and Early Resistance

José Martí was the leader and founder of El Partido Revolucionario Cubano (The Cuban Revolutionary Party). Afro-Cubans constituted the majority of the soldiers, known as the "Mambises". Women played an important role because they provided food and information, which led to the demand for women's rights.

Spanish Repression and Growing Unrest

General Valeriano Weyler killed many insurgents, fueling the Cubans' hatred for the Spanish rulers. Americans had many businesses in Cuba and were worried about the war because... Continue reading "Cuba's Revolutionary Path: From Colony to Nation" »

Reported Speech: Tense Transformations

Understanding how tenses change when converting direct speech to reported speech is crucial for accurate and effective communication. This document provides a clear breakdown of these transformations.

GATT: Characteristics

• Provisional: Born with the hope of ratifying the Havana Charter.
• Flexibility: The agreement has adapted to circumstances and trade problems at every moment.
• Pragmatism: A trade agreement where rules are interpreted with ease. Parties have reached negotiated solutions, avoiding the politicization of conflicts.
• Limits: A legal instrument agreed upon between sovereign States.

GATT: Principles

• Most-Favored-Nation (MFN): Every member must treat every other member as it treats its most-favored trading partner.
• Equal Treatment: Imports are given similar treatment in the domestic market as domestically produced goods. This principle prevents counteracting the benefits of the MFN principle.
• General and Progressive Reduction of Tariffs:

Topic 4: World Trade Organization (WTO)

Trade barriers are measures that governments or public authorities introduce to make imported goods or services less competitive than locally produced goods and services.

Effect of Trade Barriers

• Cause a limited choice of products and, therefore, would force customers to pay higher prices and accept inferior quality.
• Generally favor rich countries because these countries tend to set international trade policies and standards.
• Economists generally agree that trade barriers are detrimental and decrease overall economic efficiency, which can be explained by the theory of comparative advantage.

Legal and Illegal Trade Barriers

Illegal barriers: Violate international agreements and rules.

Legal barriers: Do not violate... Continue reading "World Trade Organization: Trade Barriers and Regulations" »

A New Nation

Understanding International Relations

International relations refers to interactions where the primary subjects are states, and the issues involved directly affect their national interests. Today, other significant social agents, such as multinational companies, also play a crucial role in international relations.

Key Characteristics of International Relations

• Diversification: International relations are implemented across a wide range of fields, promoting the establishment of institutions to address global problems.
• Globalization: This phenomenon impacts a larger number of states and other social agents, requiring them to confront global challenges and coordinate global interests worldwide.
• Institutionalization: International relations possess