Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

Christopher Marlowe: Elizabethan Playwright

One of the major playwrights of his time, Christopher Marlowe was considered a “University Wit” and would have been a serious rival to Shakespeare’s worldwide literary fame had he not died so young. It has been proven that he served as a secret agent for Queen Elizabeth I’s interests, working against English and foreign Catholicism. His death is believed to be related to his role as an “uncomfortable” spy who knew too much and was subsequently eliminated. He was also accused of atheism, free thought, and homosexuality—serious crimes at the time.

Marlowe's Major Tragedies

He is the author of famous tragedies such as:

• Tamburlaine the Great (two parts)
• The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus
• The

From Roman Britain to Anglo-Saxon England

From the 1st through the 5th centuries, England was a province of the Roman Empire called Britannia. These Britons adapted to the Roman lifestyle and civilization, but some ruins remained. The withdrawal of the Roman Legions left the island vulnerable, creating an opportunity for invaders. In the 5th century, three Germanic tribes arrived in Britain: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes.

The Anglo-Saxon Arrival and Conquest

The Anglo-Saxon conquest was gradual, a process extending over decades of fighting against the native Britons, who were mostly confined to the regions of Wales.

The Return of Christianity

The Britons converted to Christianity, like the rest of the Empire, when in the 4th century, Emperor... Continue reading "Anglo-Saxon England: History, Christianity, Literature" »

1. Musical - Rhythmic

It refers to the sensitivity to sounds, both musical and background sound. It is related to pitch and rhythm.

2. Visual - Spatial

It refers to the understanding of spatial relations. It includes the use of shapes, colors, appearance, and the ability to think in images, to imagine and visualize. It includes the understanding of the three dimensions, the sense of direction, and the ability to understand a map.

3. Verbal - Linguistic

It refers to the use of language in its written or oral form. Tests as standard tools at school are mainly based on this intelligence without taking into consideration what is being evaluated.

4. Logical - Mathematical

It refers to the use of numbers and abstract symbols. It refers to the recognition... Continue reading "Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences" »

Aviation Fundamentals: Altimetry and Airspeed

Altimeter Settings and Altitude Measurement

The altimeter uses various pressure settings to determine altitude:

• QNH: The barometric pressure adjusted to sea level.
• QFE: If the altimeter is set to QFE and the aircraft is on the ground at the runway threshold, the reading will be zero altitude.

Calibration Settings and Flight Levels

What is false when using the QNH calibration setting in the altimeter?

Flight levels are used instead of altitudes.

What is true when using the STD calibration setting in the altimeter?

The indicated altitude is not the real altitude.

How are cruise altitudes usually given when using the STD altimeter setting?

In flight levels.

Which statement is false about barometer-based altimeter

Spanish Enlightenment: Education as the Cornerstone of Progress

Antecedents

Francis Bacon and Empiricism

The basis of Empiricism is that our knowledge comes from experience. It does not come from the principles and dogmas of authorities. Bacon wrote The New Atlantis, a utopia based on the practice of the new science of the House of Salomon.

René Descartes and Rationalism

Born in France, he passed away in Sweden. "I think, therefore I am." The "mind" or "reason" was the main source of truth. Only facts that are clear to the mind are true (rationalism). As a result, the "rational ethic" appeared.

Isaac Newton

He was English. His Universal Law of Gravitation, published in 1687, changed the conception of the Universe. The world can be explained through... Continue reading "Spanish Enlightenment: Education and Societal Transformation Under Charles III" »

The Significance of Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest

The Importance of Being Earnest is a play written by Oscar Wilde, first performed on 14 February 1895 at the St. James's Theatre in London. It is the most renowned of Oscar Wilde’s comedies. It is the story of two bachelors, John ‘Jack’ Worthing and Algernon ‘Algy’ Moncrieff, who create alter egos named Ernest to escape their tiresome lives. They attempt to win the hearts of two women who, conveniently, claim to only love men called Ernest. The pair struggle to keep up with their own stories and become tangled in a tale of deception, disguise, and misadventure. The elaborate plot ridicules Victorian sensibilities with some of the best-loved and indeed bizarre characters to... Continue reading "The Importance of Being Earnest: Victorian Satire and Social Critique" »

In relation to the perspective of creative capital, creative capital theory differs in several respects from human capital theory: (1) it identifies a type of human capital, creative people, as the key to economic growth; and (2) it identifies the underlying factors that determine the location decisions of these people, rather than simply saying that regions are blessed with certain endowments of them.

The creative class begins fundamentally with the people Florida calls the creative class. The creative class includes a core group and creative professionals working in a wide range of knowledge-based occupations in high-tech, financial services sectors...

• Some patterns of the creative class: It's moving away from traditional corporate communities.

Spanish Education Reform (1840-1860)

The 1845 Constitution and Educational Priorities

The 1845 Constitution, a moderate document reflecting the joint sovereignty of the Nation, King, and Parliament, addressed education. However, providing basic knowledge to the population wasn't a priority for Spanish authorities. Census voting, restricted by gender and social class, further limited popular participation. The primary aim of education was to prepare citizens for governance, not for universal enlightenment.

Two Landmark Laws: The Pidal Plan (1845) and Moyano Law (1857)

Two crucial laws shaped education during this period: the 1845 General Plan of Studies (the "Pidal Plan") and the 1857 Law of Public Instruction (the "Moyano Law").

The Pidal Plan

Plan Pidal: A Landmark in Spanish Education

The Plan Pidal, enacted in 1857, marked a significant turning point in Spanish education. It introduced sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing and centralizing the education system.

Key Provisions of the Plan Pidal

• Secularization: The plan removed the influence of the Church from public education, ensuring freedom of teaching and learning.
• Centralization: It established a centralized administrative system, with the state overseeing all aspects of education.
• Improved Teacher Conditions: Teachers received better salaries and working conditions, and were required to pass state exams to qualify.
• Private Education: Private education was permitted at the secondary level, but not at the university level.

The Quintana