Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

Current Assets

• Cash
• Marketable investments (short-term)
• Accounts receivable (acc. receiv.)
• Inventory (inv.)
• Prepaid assets (rent, insurance)

Non-Current Assets

• Long-term investments (LT investment)
• Property, plant, and equipment (PPE)
• Intangible assets (goodwill, patent)

Current Liabilities

• Accounts payable
• Accrued liabilities (taxes payable, wages payable, expenses that haven’t been paid yet)
• Short-term debt
• Deferred revenue
• Current maturities of long-term debt

Non-Current Liabilities

• Long-term debt (LT debt)
• Other long-term liabilities

Equity — Contributed Capital

• Common stock
• Additional paid-in capital (add. paid-in cap.)
• Treasury stock

Equity — Earned Capital

Retained earnings: beginning balance + net income − dividends = ending balance.

Profitability Ratios

• ROE

Reading into writing

Understanding Administrative Procedures

An administrative procedure is a group of steps taken in order to reach a final decision or resolution within the administration.

Parties and Rights in the Process

There are two main parties involved in this process:

• The Administration: This entity serves two functions, acting as both a judge and a party.
• The Citizen: This may refer to an individual or a collective of citizens.

The citizen has the right to be heard, either orally or in writing. In all countries, it is mandatory to exhaust the administrative procedure before challenging a matter in court.

Judicial Procedure

Within the judicial procedure, there is a specific order within the courts that must be followed for an appeal, starting with the appeal court.... Continue reading "Administrative Adjudication and Judicial Review Processes" »

WIAT-III, KTEA-3, and WJ IV: A Detailed Comparison of Achievement Tests

Reading Skills Assessment

WIAT-III: Early Reading Skills, Reading Comprehension, Word Reading (called Letter and Word Recognition on KTEA), Pseudoword Decoding (nonsense words), Oral Reading Fluency.

Comparison with KTEA-3:

• Instructions are in a book rather than on the back side of the easel.
• KTEA Age Range: 4-25
• WIAT Age Range: 4 years - 19 years 11 months

WJ IV Achievement: Letter and Word Recognition (Identify and read letters and words), Passage Comprehension (read the word(s) and identify picture/complete sentences), Word Attack (read nonsense words), Identify pictures/letters that begin with a specific sound, Sentence Reading Fluency (read the questions and circle yes or... Continue reading "WIAT-III, KTEA-3, and WJ IV Achievement Tests Compared" »

Cultural Insights: A Chilean Perspective

Understanding Chilean Culture Through Personal Views

This section delves into various aspects of Chilean culture, offering personal insights and observations.

What is Interesting About Your Culture?

In my country, the idioms are particularly interesting.

Spotting Cultural Differences: An Example

Yes, for example, men are often more gentlemanly in Colombian culture.

Politeness Towards Foreigners in Your Culture

No, because some people can be classist and racist.

Behavioral Differences: Young vs. Older Generations

Young people can appear apathetic, given the ideological differences.

Encounters with Other Cultures

I have encountered Indian culture, which I found to be very patriarchal.

Advice for Newcomers to Chile

I... Continue reading "Chilean Cultural Perspectives: Society, Customs, and Immigration Insights" »

Future Predictions

Professional Email Writing: Business Scenarios

Scenario 1: Recruiting an IT Expert / Financial Advisor

Task: Your company needs to recruit an IT expert. Write an email to Sanford asking for their help. In your email:

• Give details of the post you need to fill.
• Provide your contact details.
• Suggest times for Sanford to call and discuss your requirements.
• Enquire about their fees.

Example Email: Recruitment Inquiry

Dear Sir or Madam,

We are a leading private financing enterprise that currently needs to recruit a new financial advisor. This will be an indefinite post with a salary of around £25,000 a year. I would be grateful if you could call me on +44 684 49682659 before 3 PM today, or you can send me an email at [email protected] so that we can discuss... Continue reading "Professional Email Writing for Business Scenarios" »

A healthy lifestyle means maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet as well as engaging in sports or other fitness-related activities. A healthy diet alone, however, is inadequate to ensure a healthy body as physical activity helps to keep one in shape and free of sickness and disease. Also, having a healthy life means being mentally well and not being stressed.

I think everyone should start a healthy lifestyle at a young age. Parents must urge their children to eat more vegetables, fruits, juices, wholemeal, and wholegrain foods. Many parents, due to time constraints, usually find the easy way out by cooking two-minute noodles or heading towards the nearest fast-food joint for a quick meal. They do not realize, however, that this sets the... Continue reading "Tips for Starting a Healthy Lifestyle at a Young Age" »

The European Parliament: A Key Institution in the European Union

With 751 members, the European Parliament constitutes one of the largest democratic institutions in the world. Its members (MEPs) are elected every five years through direct election – although there have been some issues concerning poor voter turnout – and are distributed among eight different parliamentary groups which are supposed to represent the whole political spectrum. It is considered one of the main institutions in the European Union alongside the European Council and the European Commission. In order to understand the relevance of the EP in the decision-making of the Union, it will be necessary to analyze what a parliamentary system is and then move into the application... Continue reading "The European Parliament: From Consultative Assembly to Co-legislator" »