Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

Sebastian F. Ramallo Asensio (Universidad de Murcia)

"Militum deinde quod eos non conlaudavit virtutem eruptio hostium, non altitudo moenium, Stagni inexplorata non vada, non castellum in high Tumulo situm, non munitissima arx deterruisset quo minus transcenderent omnia perrumperentque."

(T. Livy, XXVI, 48, 4)

This text from Livy's History of Rome clearly expresses components of the defensive apparatus of the city founded by Hasdrubal: the height of its walls, the unexplored shallow lagoon, the fortress located on a high hill, and the well-defended citadel. These components, coupled with the excellent conditions of its harbor and its strategic position on communication routes to Africa and Italy through the Balearic Islands (Appian, 19), made... Continue reading "The Defensive Walls of Carthago Nova: History and Archaeology" »

diga la naturalez ade lps medios alternativos de solucion de conflictos
son contrahegemonicos porque nacieron , en lo moderno en rusia para oponerse al poder opresor del estado
carasteristicas de los medios alternativos de solucion de conflictos
si son voluntarios , si son formales ,
la mediacion y la negociacion son informales
el arbitraje y la mediacion son formales
que limita al poder hegemonico de los gobiernos
lo alternativo o segunda opcion y posibilidad de resolver los problemas , sin la intervencion del poder opresor y hegemonico del estado
A YEGAR A UN ACUERDO


explique los principales procesos alternativos
transaccion o negociacion , mediacion, arbitraje y conciliacion
cricis que atraviesa ell poder judicial
el congestionamiento... Continue reading "Medios alternativos en la solucion de conficto" »

#useradd nombredeusuario :: para crear usuarios

#passwd :: nombredelusuario

#groupadd :: nombredelgrupo :: (forma normal)

#groupadd -g 600 nombredelgrupo :: (guid sobre 650)

#userdel nombredelusuario :: para deletear usuarios

#groupdelnombredelgrupo :: borrar el grupo

#usermod -G nombredelgrupo nombredeusuario :: para asignar usuario a grupo.

opcion 2: editar archivo /etc/group -> grupo:x:600:usuarioqueseagregara

#nano /etc/shadow :: para poder ver los usuarios y poder bloquearlos

#passwd -l nombredeusuario :: para bloquear usuario

#passwd -u nombredeusuario :: para desbloquear usuario

#sudo passwd :: para cambiar la contraseña de root

# tail /etc/passwd :: paraver informacion de usuarios

#su nombredelotrousuario :: para iniciar sesion como el usuario... Continue reading "Centos 5.5" »

1. Classifique as variáveis em qualitativa e quantitativa. () Cor preferida. () Índice de liquidez. () Sexo. e) qualitativa, quantitativa, qualitativa .
2. Classifique as variáveis quantitativas em contínuas (c) ou discretas (d).
( ) População: atletas Variável: altura ( ) P.: pacientes de um hospital Variável: pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. ( ) P.: bebês monitorados em uma UTI neonatal Variável: peso b) contínua, discreta, contínua.
3. Em uma escola de ensino médio, há 300 alunos divididos em 6…..b)36
4. São fases do método estatístico:
1. A apuração. 2. A coleta. 3. A crítica. 4. A definição do problema. 5. O planejamento.
Qual a ordem correta dessas fases? b. 4, 5, 2, 3, 1
5. Considere a série abaixo. Podemos

... Continue reading "Case" »

Opportunity Cost of Capital: Expected rate of return given up by investing in a project.
NPV: Present value of cash flows minus investments
Payback period: Time until cash flows recover the initial investment in the project.
IRR: Discount rate at which project NPV = 0
Profitability Index: Ratio of net present value to initial investment
Opportunity Cost: Benefit or cash flow as a result of an action
Net Working Capital: Current assets minus liabilities
Depreciation Tax Shield: Reduction in taxes attributable to depreciation
Operating Leverage: Degree to which costs are fixed
Market Index: Measure of the investment performance of the overall market
Maturity Premium: Extra avg. return from investing long vs. short- term treasury securities
Risk Premium:... Continue reading "Finan midterm" »

🧪 Topic 70: Lincosamides, Amphenicols, Polymyxins

Lincosamides (e.g., Clindamycin)

• MOA: Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit → inhibits peptide translocation → blocks protein synthesis (bacteriostatic).

• Use: Anaerobic infections (e.g., Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides), aspiration pneumonia, oral infections, invasive Streptococcus infections.

• Adverse effects: Diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile), fever.

• Contraindication: Pregnancy (first trimester).

Amphenicols (e.g., Chloramphenicol)

• MOA: Inhibits peptidyltransferase on the 50S subunit → blocks protein synthesis (bacteriostatic).

• Use: Meningitis (H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae), Rickettsial infections.

• Adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression (aplastic anemia)

... Continue reading "Antimicrobial and Antiparasitic Drugs: Mechanisms, Uses, Effects" »

To convert from decimal inches. A fraction of an inch.
Multiplied by 128 to decimal and simplifying the result by 128.

Convert decimal to a fraction of an inch inch

Examples:
1) Convert 0.250 "a fraction of an inch
Applying the rule, we have: (0.250 "* 128) / 128 = 32/128 = ¼"
2) Convert 1.750 "a fraction of an inch
Applying the rule, we have: (1,750 '* 128) / 128 = 1 96/128 = 1 ¾ "
3) Convert 2.953 "a fraction of an inch
Applying the rule, we have: (2.953 "* 128) / 128 = 2 122/128 = 2 61/64"
4) Convert 12.812 "a fraction of an inch
Applying the rule, we have: (12.812 "* 128) / 128 = 12 104/128 = 12 13/16"


To convert from mm. A fraction of an inch. Should be carried mils.
(Divide by 25.4) and then multiplying by 128 and simplify

... Continue reading "I is correct ii is correct" »

Anions: Definition and Characteristics

An anion is an ion (an atom or molecule) that possesses a negative electrical charge, meaning it has an excess of electrons. Anions are typically described with a negative oxidation state. They are broadly classified into two main types: monatomic and polyatomic.

Monatomic Anions

Monatomic anions are typically formed when nonmetals gain electrons to complete their valence shell.

Traditional Nomenclature (Monatomic)

These are named using the word ion followed by the name of the nonmetal, ending in the suffix -ide. (Note: Amide and Cyanide are often included here for simplicity, though technically polyatomic.)

• Cl^-: Chloride ion
• H^-: Hydride ion
• S^2-: Sulfide ion
• NH₂^-: Amide ion
• CN^-: Cyanide ion

Systematic Nomenclature

... Continue reading "Chemical Nomenclature and Analytical Methods for Anions" »

Bonding

Formal Charge: # Valence Electrons - (Nonbonding Electrons + 1/2 Bonding Electrons)

Gases

STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure (273 K or 0°C and 1 atm)

Ideal Gas Law

R = 0.0821 atm x L / (mol x K)

• Pressure (P): Always in atm
  • 760 mmHg = 1 atm
  • 760 Torr = 1 atm
  • 101,326 Pascal = 1 atm
• Temperature (T): Always in Kelvin
• # of Moles (n)
• Volume (V): Always in Liters

Boyle's Law

Occurs when T and n are constant.

Charles's Law

Occurs when P and n are constant.

Avogadro's Law

Occurs when P and T are constant.

Gay-Lussac's Law

Occurs when V and n are constant.

Combined Gas Law

n is constant.

Test

1. a) Valence Electrons for Na⁺ = 0
2. b) Which of the following does not have an octet around the central atom: BCl₃
3. d) A triple bond has a bond order of: 3
4. c) Least electronegative

... Continue reading "Chemical Bonding and Gas Laws: Formulas and Principles" »

Jurisdiction in the European Union

1. Relation with Other Legal Instruments

1.1 Other Specific EU Legal Instruments

Does not affect specific matters.

1.2 Brussels Convention

Superseded by the Brussels Regulation. References to the Convention should be to the Regulation.

1.3 International Conventions

Supersedes existing treaties, but treaties retain validity where not superseded. The Brussels Regulation (Regulation 44/2001) does not affect specific treaties. The Regulation shall not affect treaties prior to its entry into force.

2. Scope of Application

2.1 Time

March 2002

2.2 Geographical Scope

All EU members except Denmark (Denmark joined in 2005).

2.3 Material Scope

Civil and commercial matters (excluding revenue, customs, and administrative matters). Does... Continue reading "Jurisdiction in the European Union: A Comprehensive Summary" »