Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

Introduction to Data Analytics

Types of Data Analytics

• Descriptive: Analyzes past trends.
• Predictive: Applies past trends to current data to understand the future.
• Prescriptive: Suggests actions and outlines potential impacts.

Project Stages

1. Problem Specification:
   1. Understand the Problem Statement.
   2. Define the Project Scope.
2. Data Gathering & Preprocessing:
   1. Define a system for data collection.
   2. Clean data with data processing.
3. Descriptive Analytics:
   1. Perform Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA).
   2. Get a basic understanding of the dataset.
   3. Answer initial assumptions about the data.
4. Machine Learning:
   1. Apply correct ML models depending on the scope/nature of the data and project.
   2. Train the ML model to assess its performance.
5. Deployment:
   1. Consult with project stakeholders on

Legal Comparisons

Negligence vs. Intentional Tort

Negligence and intentional torts differ primarily in the mindset of the individual causing harm. Negligence occurs when someone fails to exercise reasonable care, often resulting in unintentional harm. In contrast, intentional torts, like assault or battery, involve deliberate actions intended to harm another person.

Strict Liability vs. Negligence

Strict liability and negligence share the goal of holding individuals accountable for harm caused, but their requirements for proving fault differ. Negligence requires proving that the defendant failed to exercise reasonable care, while strict liability does not require any proof of fault.

Defamation vs. Nuisance

Defamation and nuisance are distinct torts... Continue reading "Key Legal Concepts: Torts, Dismissal & Offenses" »

Disentailment (First Half 19th Century)

Historical Context

Beginning in 1836, the disentailment was driven by Juan Álvarez Mendizábal, Minister of Finance in the liberal government. This reform aimed to modernize the Spanish economy and reduce the power of the Church.

Objectives

• Debt Reduction: Obtain revenue to reduce the massive public debt.
• Agrarian Modernization: Modernize agriculture by transferring lands from dead hands to private owners for exploitation.
• Weakening Church Power: Reduce the economic and social power of the Catholic Church, which owned vast tracts of land.

Consequences

• Economic: Public debt was reduced and state resources increased, but land distribution favored the wealthy, worsening inequalities.
• Social: Many peasants and small

Perineum Anatomy

Perineum Structures

The perineum is a diamond-shaped space between the pubic symphysis (anteriorly), the coccyx (posteriorly), and the ischial tuberosities (laterally), lying just inferior to the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeus).

It is divided transversely into two triangles:

• The anterior is the urogenital triangle, which includes the external genitals.
• The posterior is the anal triangle, which contains the anus.

The perineum is also divided into superficial and deep layers, with some muscles common to men and women.

Muscles of the Perineum and Pelvic Floor

Muscles making up the Urogenital and Anal (Pelvic) triangles/diaphragms include:

• Urogenital diaphragm: Superficial and intermediate planes
• Sphincters: Internal and external

Linux File System Structure: An archive of Linux is associated with 3 parts: superblock, inode table, and data blocks.

Network Ports: To see the ports assigned to services.

Display Active TCP/IP Connections: netstat -a

User Management:

• Create password: passwd (user)
• Add user to group: usermod -g group_name
• Disable: 60001
• Enable: 60002

Practical Commands:

Add User: adduser

1. Change folder privileges: chmod
2. Check privileges: ls -de (see if you changed privileges)

1. Create a user: useradd newuser
passwd newuser
2. Create a directory: The command mkdir is used to create directories:
   mkdir mydirectory
3. Create a report: ps -aux >> reporte.txt
4. Directories associated with the user: -d dirname
5. Changing permission: chmod 744 file.txt /file.txt
6. Change owner: chown
   Entering

To control by PWM requires 2 factors:

1-crossing detection signal by 0.

2-? determine the time, every time you walk by 0.

to detect the zero crossing can be performed
through an operational amplifier connected
comparator.

TCA = 785

Pin Symbol Function

1 GND Earth

2 Q2 *Output 2 Inverted

3 Output U QU

4 Q1 * Output 1 Inverted

5 5Synchronizing voltage Vsync (to detect

zero crossing)

6 Inhibitor

7 QZ Z Output

8 8 Vref voltage stabilized (continuous signal for the

integrator)

9 9 ramp resistor R9 (for the integrator)

10 C10 ramp Capacitance (for the integrator)

11 11 V11 Control Voltage (for comparator)

12 12 C12 pulse Extension

13 LLong pulse

14 Q1 Output 1

15 Q2 Output 2

16 l sSupply voltage.

Verb Tenses

Present Continuous vs. Present Simple

1. I'm angry with William. I am not talking / don't talk to him.

2. Listen! My sister is singing / sings in the shower.

3. This cheese tastes / is tasting strange.

4. Are you thinking / Do you think Ann is pretty?

5. Laura is walking / walks to school every day.

Past Simple vs. Past Continuous

1. The sun SETS (set) in the west.

2. Please don't disturb me. I AM STUDYING (study).

3. I still DON’T KNOW (not know) the answer.

4. DO YOU ALWAYS GO (you / always /go) to the cinema on Friday nights?

5. We HAVE (have) a picnic next Sunday.

Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

6. How much DOES THIS PARCEL WEIGH (this parcel / weigh)?

7. Ms Rivers is busy at the moment. She IS TEACHING (teach).

8. Now I REMEMBER (remember)... Continue reading "Jamie Oliver: A Culinary Icon" »

Inventory Management

Safety Stock: The amount of inventory carried in addition to the expected demand.

Stock Keeping Unit (SKU): A common term used to identify an inventory item.

Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

Available to Promise: A feature of MRP systems that identifies the difference between the number of units currently included in the master schedule and actual (firm) customer orders.

Bill of Materials (BOM): A computer file that contains the complete product description, listing the materials, parts, and components, and the sequence in which the product is created.

Closed-loop MRP: The use of actual data from the production system to continually update the MRP system. This feedback is provided so that planning can be kept valid at all... Continue reading "Key Terms in Production and Inventory Management" »

The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot

1. Sections and Summaries

This poem comprises five sections:

• The Burial of the Dead

  Part I conveys a sense of apprehension and incomprehension among various characters in different situations. Madame Sosostris, a fortune-teller, adds to the confusion with enigmatic pronouncements that only gain clarity later in the poem. The city, particularly London, is depicted as a grim place inhabited by people unable to live fully or escape their deadness.

• A Game of Chess

  Part II presents two scenes showcasing the desolation of people's lives. The first depicts a richly decorated room where a wealthy lady's constant questions reveal her anxiety and lack of control. The second scene unfolds in a London pub, where two women discuss

React Hooks and Essential Libraries

useState Hook

Purpose

Purpose: Adds state to functional components.

Import

import { useState } from 'react';

Syntax

const [state, setState] = useState(initialValue);

Update Methods

• setState(newValue);
• setState(prevState => ...); (for updates based on previous state)

Example

import React, { useState } from 'react';

function Counter() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

  return (
    <div>
      <p>Count: {count}</p>
      <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>Increment</button>
    </div>
  );
}

useEffect Hook

Purpose

Purpose: Performs side effects such as data fetching, subscriptions, or direct DOM manipulations.

Import

import { useEffect } from 'react';

Syntax

useEffect(