Medical Terminology for Digestive and Renal Systems

Digestive System Vocabulary

1. Bile – a digestive fluid that helps digest fats
2. Appendix – a small organ attached to the large intestine
3. Celiac disease – an autoimmune disease caused by gluten
4. Defecation – feces / the process of passing stool
5. Weight gain – putting on weight / an increase in body weight
6. Palpate – to examine by touch
7. Stool – solid waste eliminated from the body
8. Bowel – the intestines (small or large)

Digestive Functions and Pathologies

• The pancreas produces and contains digestive enzymes.
• Peptic ulcers may affect the lining of the stomach.
• The last part of the digestive tract is in the large intestine/colon.
• Bile is produced by the liver and released into the duodenum.
• Adverse reaction – reakcja niepożądana
• Autoimmune disorder – choroba autoimmunologiczna
• Mechanical digestion – trawienie mechaniczne
• Nutrient deficiency – niedobór składników odżywczych
• Gluten-free diet – dieta bezglutenowa

Renal and Urinary System Terminology

• The risk factors for renal diseases include diabetes and hypertension.
• GFR is measured to check kidney function and filtration rate (the state of the kidneys and their filtration ability).
• The renal pelvis is connected to the ureter.
• The urinary system plays an important role in regulating blood pressure and acid–base balance/acidity.
• During hemodialysis, an intravenous catheter is inserted into the patient’s arm to gain access to the blood, which is filtered through a dialysis machine.
• Patients undergoing dialysis sometimes have to limit the consumption of certain foods and their fluid intake.
• If serum creatinine increases suddenly, it may be a sign of renal failure.
• Involuntary passing of urine is called incontinence.
• Blocked urine flow is called obstruction.
• The doctor administered an IV fluid infusion to avoid hypotension.
• Very low urine output is called oliguria.
• Urine leaves the kidney through the ureter.
• Examples of urinary tract diseases are UTI and prostatic hyperplasia.
• Fluid containing a mixture is infused into the body and then drained.
• A tube inserted into the body is a catheter.

Medical Supplies and Clinical Terms

• Sterile gloves – sterylne rękawiczki
• Urine output – oddawanie moczu
• Medical tubing – dren
• Drainage bag – worek
• Low-protein diet – dieta niskobiałkowa
• Blood test – testy krwi
• Kidney transplant – przeszczep nerki
• Genital area – okolica narządów płciowych

General Medical and Endocrine Vocabulary

• Blood pressure – ciśnienie krwi
• Treatment – leczenie
• Itchy – swędzący
• Diabetic foot – stopa cukrzycowa
• Complications – powikłania
• Pancreas – trzustka
• Stomach – żołądek
• Glucometer – glukometr
• Thyroid – tarczyca
• Chronic disease – choroba przewlekła
• Obesity – otyłość
• Excessive thirst – nadmierne pragnienie
• Testes – jądra