Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Technology

Materiais Téxtiles

Os materiais téxtiles poden ser naturais ou sintéticos. As fibras naturais extráense de materias primas de orixe animal, vexetal ou mineral.

Fibras de Orixe Natural

Orixe Vexetal

Algodón: Provén do froito da planta do mesmo nome, da familia das malváceas. Aínda que a súa cor natural é branca, pode tinguirse de moitas cores. É elástico e flexible, bo illante térmico, resistente aos ácidos, lixeiro e permeable.

Liño: Obtense do talo da planta do mesmo nome, da familia das lináceas. A súa cor natural é branca ou castaña. É suave, flexible, bo condutor térmico e resistente ao cloro e á lixivia.

Esparto: Extráese das follas dunha planta herbácea. É moi resistente e tenaz. Emprégase na industria do calzado,... Continue reading "Propiedades e Aplicacións de Materiais Naturais e Sintéticos" »

KE-Jetronic Fuel Injection System

KE-Jetronic combines K-Jetronic and electronic control. It features an electrohydraulic flow injection system that adapts to engine operating states, enriching or leaning the fuel mixture as needed. Unlike some systems, it does not have a warming phase regulator. Key components include an engine temperature probe, a throttle butterfly switch, and a potentiometer within the flowmeter that determines the position of the plate probe.

L-Jetronic Fuel Injection System

L-Jetronic is a fully electronic system, characterized by intermittent and simultaneous fuel injection. Fuel volume is measured by a paddle-tube flowmeter. Fuel is metered by electromagnetic injectors. This system does not use a fuel distributor/doser.... Continue reading "Automotive Fuel Injection Systems: KE-Jetronic to MONO-MOTRONIC" »

DC Machine Types

Field or Parallel Shunt

• Field winding with many turns
• Small wire cross-section
• High resistance
• High inductance
• Field current is 1 to 4% of Inom

Field Series

• Low resistance
• Large cross-section
• Few turns
• Low inductance

Compound or Series and Parallel

• Part of the field is in series
• Low resistance
• Large cross-section
• Coils with few turns
• Low inductance

Independent Excitation

• Used for servo applications
• Auxiliary fields for weak-field switching
• Interpolate and is connected in series with armature
• Instability at high speeds
• Field-stabilizer used in shunting engines, connected in series with the armature

Control System

A control system is a device or group of devices used to control the operation of one or more electric machines.

Types of Diagrams

Connection

Technology, Materials, and Processes

Technology seeks to meet human needs by creating artificial objects. It involves the study of materials, technical skills, and work organization.

Materials are consumed in a process. They are used once and then depleted.

Tools are not consumed in a process. They can be used repeatedly and experience little to no depletion.

Inventing is creating an object for the first time.

Innovating is improving an object that already exists.

Discovering is finding something that existed but was previously unknown.

Craftsmanship involves creating objects with few or many people. These objects are unique because they are handmade with limited tools and tend to be expensive.

Industry involves many people, resulting in identical... Continue reading "Technology, Materials, and Processes: A Comprehensive Look" »

Broadband Connections: To transmit the large volume of data sent via the Internet, the majority of primary networks are comprised of fiber optic cables. In the early Internet, the analog electrical signal coming through the telephone line was received and converted to a digital format accessible by a device known as a modem. The increasing power of personal computers and the growing number of users accessing the Internet have created the need to expand the capacity of connections that were developed. Broadband connections, the chief of which is the ADSL technology, allow Internet users a direct connection to the server. On an ADSL line, there are three communication channels: the delivery of data, data reception, and normal telephone service,... Continue reading "Understanding Broadband Connections and Digital Technology" »

Piston System Characteristics

• Irregular Wear: Piston Support & Cylinder Ovality

  The piston's support can cause the cylinder to become oval, leading to irregular wear patterns.

• Average Piston Speed Considerations

  Typically, average piston speed ranges from 10 to 15 m/s, though it should not exceed 8 m/s for optimal performance and longevity.

• CYP Ratio Parameters

  The CYP ratio usually falls within the range of 0.85 to 1.2.

• CH and CS: Direct Contact vs. Heat Transmission

  CH involves the vane in direct contact with liquid, while CS refers to heat transmission through other means.

• Piston Skirt Function: Guiding & Protection

  The piston skirt guides the piston's top movement and prevents it from hitting the cylinder head.

• Piston Temperature Zones: Crown

Pneumatics

Pneumatics is a set of techniques based on the use of compressed air as a fluid for transmitting energy for the operation of machines and mechanisms. It is used because it does not emit sparks, is readily available, is a clean fluid, is easily stored, and moves quickly inside conductions.

Hydraulics

Hydraulics is a set of techniques based on the use of mineral oil as a fluid for transmitting energy for the operation of machines and mechanisms. Mechanical applications of hydraulics transmit small and large efforts and achieve the most varied movements.

Advantages of hydraulic systems include:

• Easy control of speed
• Powerful transmission
• Position control
• Reversibility of the drives
• System protection
• Noise reduction
• Possibility of starting and

Television Control Systems & Components

Core Functions of TV Control Systems

• Q: What are the specific functions of a television's control system?
• A: The control system is designed to obey user commands, offer practical solutions to problems, and optimize color display.
• Q: Is there a function that allows TV surveillance?
• A: This refers to the suspension aspect of operation.
• Q: How were televisions presented in past years?
• A: They featured digital compatibility.
• Q: What was the manufacturer's purpose in introducing a TV receiving phase?
• A: To facilitate television reception for the user.

SYSCOM and Microcontroller Operations

• Q: What are three functions of the SYSCOM?
• A: SYSCOM functions include increasing operational speed, ensuring accuracy, and preventing

Key Concepts in Modern Technology and Materials

Nanotechnology Explained

Nanotechnology is an applied science that focuses on the design, manufacture, and application of materials and equipment at the nanoscale.

Key Aspects of the Second Industrial Revolution

• New production systems emerged.
• Production improvements accelerated significantly.
• Transformative changes occurred in production methods at all levels.
• Minimization of production costs became a focus.
• Global transformation was evident.

Understanding Semiconductors

Semiconductors are materials whose conductivity can be varied, typically by changing the temperature at which they operate. The most important examples include silicon and germanium.

Innovative Materials and Technologies

• Fabrics that are

1. Recording Electrical Installation Operations

Operations are performed when an electrical installation is recorded. A facility or discharge is recorded under the following conditions:

• Open and visibly disconnect from all power supply sources.
• Block or lock in the open position, if possible, using cutting devices.

2. The Five DOR Rules for Working Without Voltage

The five DOR (De-energization, Operation, Recognition) rules for prevention and protection work without tension are:

1. Open and visibly disconnect all voltage sources via switches and disconnectors to ensure the impossibility of unforeseen re-energization.
2. Block or lock the cutting devices in the open position, if possible.
3. Verify the absence of voltage.
4. Apply grounding and short-circuiting