Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teacher training

Curriculum Learning Experiences

The curriculum is vast, allowing us to consider unplanned learning experiences explicitly, often referred to as the hidden curriculum. These experiences encompass both formal and informal learning facilitators.

Design and Cultural Interpretation

Seeking alternative solutions for integrating the cultural dimension of the curriculum is based on practical rationality. The values considered in this design are prescriptive, as they are embedded within a specific social culture and a reconstruction of educational concepts.

Constructivism in Education

Constructivism has inspired significant curricular reform, aiming to improve teacher efficacy. Education is viewed as a constructive process where the student acts as the constructor

Global Education Systems and Approaches

Educational Priorities in Key Countries

• Finland: Prioritizes equitable learning and minimizes academic competition among children.
• South Korea: Utilizes advanced technology, though its educational system is highly demanding.
• Brazil: Provides support to low-income families to ensure children's school attendance.
• Kenya: Aims to increase school enrollment, particularly in rural areas.

Understanding Education and Globalization

Defining Education

In English: Education is the process of learning knowledge, skills, and values to grow as a person and live in society.

En español: La educación es el proceso de aprender conocimientos, habilidades y valores para crecer como persona y vivir en sociedad.

What is Global Education?

ASL and English: Similarities and Differences

Similarities

• Basic Grammatical Structure: ASL and English share similar structures, such as Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) sentence construction. This helps English speakers understand the core meaning of ASL sentences.
• Tense Usage: Both languages utilize specific markers to discuss past, present, and future actions.
• Verb Forms: Unlike many spoken languages, ASL does not require learning complex new verb conjugations that are entirely foreign to English speakers.
• Facial Expressions and Body Language: Both languages use non-verbal cues to clarify intent, such as using an angry expression to convey frustration. In ASL, these cues are essential as they replace the tone of voice found in spoken English.

Differences

Grammatical

English Vocabulary: Everyday and Crime Terms

Believe

To think that something is true or right.

Blonde

A woman with yellow or golden hair.

Bump off

(informal) To murder somebody.

Clerk

A person who works in a bank, office, or store.

Closet

(American) A cupboard with a door that you can walk into.

Competition

People who want something that you want too.

Cop

(informal) A police officer.

Crook

(informal) A dishonest person or a criminal.

Cut

(n) A share in something, usually money.

Deal

(n) An agreement about how to do something.

Dick

(informal, American) A detective.

Ex-con

(informal) Someone who has been to prison.

Faint

(n) A kind of "sleep" caused by shock, illness, etc.

Fungus

Something unhealthy that grows on the skin.

Go off

(of a gun) To be fired.

Goldfish

A small orange

Essential Vocabulary for Crime and Cyber Security

I. Crime and Legal Terminology

This section covers key terms related to criminal acts, perpetrators, and the legal process.

Criminal Acts and Perpetrators

• Arson (n): Incendi provocat (The crime of deliberately setting fire to property).
• Burglar (n): Lladre casa (A person who commits burglary).
• Burglary (n): Illegal entry into a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft.
• Murder (n): Asesinat (The unlawful killing of another human being).
• Murderer (n)
• Rob (v): To take property illegally from a person or place, often using force or threat.
• Robber (n)
• Robbery (n)
• Shoplifter (n)
• Shoplifting (n)
• Smuggler (n)
• Smuggling (n): Traficar (Moving goods illegally into or out of a country).
• Steal (v): To take

1. Blame it all on: Mr. Selfridge

He was the first person to write the phrase: "The customer is always right." He always thought that the customer always has to win.

2. Empty vs Full Words: Sarah Hatter

Sarah Hatter talks about achieving the best customer communication by first taking care of your daily basis, curating your language, removing robotic and empty words, and adding more sincere and human "full" words.

• Empty words: feedback, issue, we don't
• Full words: Thank you, really sorry, great idea

3. The New Times

This section discusses why customer service in hospitality is everything. The days when customers were happy only to receive thanks are gone. We have to take into account the level of customer satisfaction to provide the best customer...

English Vocabulary

Sentiments

• Amusing - divertit
• Upsetting - inquietant
• Embarrassing - incòmode
• Worrying - preocupant
• Inspiring - inspirador
• Frightening - espantós
• Annoying - molesta
• Confusing - confús
• Relaxing - relaxant
• Fascinating - fascinant
• Frustrating - frustrant

Tecnologia

• Browse - navegar
• Charge - carregar
• Download - descarregar
• Message - enviar un missatge
• Plug in - connectar
• Press - prémer
• Scroll - desplaçar-se
• Stream - transmetre
• Swipe - fer lliscar el dit
• Switch off - apagar
• Switch on - encendre
• Tap - tocar
• Unplug - desconnectar
• Update - actualitzar

Grammar Reference

Present Perfect and Past Simple

Specific Educational Support Needs: Hearing Impairments

In this work, we approach the Specific Educational Support Needs (SESN) found in some students, focusing specifically on hearing impairments.

Defining Hearing Impairment

Hearing impairment is defined as the loss or abnormality of the function of the auditory system, implying a deficit in the access to oral language.

Students with hearing impairments are those who suffer bilateral hearing losses. Unilateral losses typically allow for normal hearing.

Global Impact of Hearing Loss

According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, there are 32 million children globally with this type of disability. In Spain alone, the number of people with hearing disabilities is close to 1 million.

These data highlight...

Is It Useful to Specialize in a Particular Subject Area?

Yes. It is easier to translate or interpret with an understanding of the subject. For example, some translators specialize in medical translation and obtain regular work from pharmaceutical manufacturers. Similarly, many translation agencies focus on technical, business, or legal translation, relying on experts in those fields. Specialist translators can usually command higher fees.

Are Some Languages More Important for Translation?

It depends on the market. While there is more work available in "major" world languages, there is also significantly more competition. Conversely, a translator or interpreter who knows a "rare" or "exotic" language in a specific market is harder to find and can...

This topic examines the Roman invasion of Britain and its profound linguistic influence. It connects to several key areas of study:

• Topic 42: The Norman Conquest and French influence on English.
• Topic 43: Medieval literature, oral transmission, the Arthurian legend, and Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales.
• Topic 10: Features of word formation in English (prefixes, suffixes, and compounds).
• Topic 11: The word as a linguistic sign, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy, false friends, and lexical creativity.

Interdisciplinary Connections

The nature of this content allows for cross-curricular links:

• Spanish Language: Students analyze vocabulary associated with prefixation and suffixation, noting that Latin serves as a common root for both Spanish and English.