Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teaching & Education

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer: Poetic Themes and Rhyme Series

Bécquer's Poetic Work and Themes (1836-1870)

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (1836-1870): His brief but profound poetic work, particularly his Rimas, is thematically divided into four series:

• Rhyme I-XI: Subject is poetry.
• Rhyme XII-XXIX: Subject is love.
• Rhyme XXX-LI: Subject is disillusionment.
• Rhyme LII-LXXVI: Subject is pain and anguish.

Textual Cohesion and Coherence: Core Linguistic Concepts

Understanding Textual Coherence

A text is considered coherent when all its parts relate to the same subject. Coherence is achieved through the proper organization of information on a particular topic and is closely related to the text's overall meaning.

Mechanisms of Textual Cohesion

Cohesion refers to the dependency... Continue reading "Key Concepts in Textual Analysis and Poetic Expression" »

Strategies and techniques of communication

The transmission of thoughts to someone else may be through multiple channels (verbal, written, gestures, drawing, etc.). Meetings, conferences (courses, training), and short messages are very clear to foster good communication. Consider the following recommendations:

1. Briefly explain the point to be addressed.
2. Avoid using some topics, and if used, keep it brief.
3. Be mindful of the public when talking.
4. Pay attention to body language.
5. Utilize short sentences and understandable vocabulary.
6. Use audiovisuals whenever possible.
7. Accept comments, avoid confrontations, and be as objective as possible.
8. Use anecdotes and examples to illustrate the topic.
9. Finish with a summary and brief explanation of the findings.

Communication

The Relationship Between Project Design and Research Methodology

The relationship between action or intervention projects, project design, and research methodology can be considered a relationship of inclusion or levels. A proposed intervention may include a research project, or conversely, a research project may be integrated into a broader intervention project. This involves investigating social reality and acting upon it. Methodological design is only one part of a research project, though it can become the most crucial. It is important to emphasize that a research project is a message. Its manifest form is a document, initially presented to an institution that may support the project's development. Therefore, its rhetorical and pragmatic... Continue reading "Structuring Effective Research Projects: Design & Methodology" »

Understanding Socialized Speech in Children

Socialized speech refers to a child's ability to perform effective communication with a partner. It utilizes various forms:

Adapted Information

• Seeks to communicate the child's thoughts, telling the listener something that might interest them and influence their behavior, which can lead to exchange, discussion, or collaboration.
• The information is directed to a particular partner, who may not be interchangeable with just anyone. If the speaker does not understand, the child insists until they are understood.

Criticism and Ridicule

These are comments about the work or behavior of others, specifically concerning a partner. They are designed to assert the superiority of the self and denigrate others. Their... Continue reading "Understanding Socialized Speech in Child Development" »

Vocabulary

English - Spanish

• Option: Opción
• College: Instituto CFT
• Qualification: Calificación
• Higher: Superior
• Job: Trabajo (como sustantivo)
• Invaluable: Muy valioso
• Further: Más
• Prospective: Futuro
• Field: Gran extensión de algo
• Staff: Personal/Grupo de personas
• Several: Muchos
• Loans: Préstamo
• Debt: Deuda
• Enable: Permitir
• Current: Actual
• Advisors: Asesores
• Fed-up: Agotado
• Undertaken: Emprender
• Make up your mind: Decidirse
• Relationship: Relación
• Between: Entre
• Employment: Empleo
• Degree: Grado académico
• Part/Full time: Tiempo completo/Tiempo medio
• Employer: Empleador
• Applying for: Buscar trabajo
• Technical Training Centers: Centro de Formación Técnica
• Learning: Aprendiendo
• Can and May: Poder
• Anyone; Any age: Alguien de cualquier edad
• Something: Algo
• Needed: Requerido
• Skills:

Sustainable Development: Responding to Environmental Crises

Sustainable Development and International Agreements

• Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (1987).
• Following the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio in 1992, sustainable development principles and environmental considerations have been reflected in international agreements at all levels. However, the meaning is not always consistent: some understand sustainability in terms of solidarity between peoples and generations, while others focus on the continuity of the economic system and societal welfare. These perspectives often conflict.

Criticism is the activity displayed by the reader to identify the strengths, weaknesses, and inconsistencies of a text in order to accept, reject, or suggest modifications.

Criticism fosters progress, achievement, and advances knowledge of the truth.

Steps to Critique a Reading:

1. Synthesize information from different texts and/or experts on the subject.
2. Engage in critical discussion.
3. Accept, reject, or modify the reading's content.
4. Put the reading into practice with prior planning.
5. Enrich the reading by observing and recording the results of practice.

• Critical reading is a technique for discovering ideas and information within a written text.
• Critical thinking is a technique for evaluating information and ideas to decide what to accept and believe.

FORMAL E-MAIL:

• GREETINGS: (Dear Sir/ Madam);(To whom it may concern); Dear Mr/Ms...)
• INTRODUCTION: (my name is... and I am writing with regard to...); (I would like...)
• BODY: (I would really appreciate if you could...)
• CONCLUSION: (thank you for your help);( I look forward to hearing from you); (please feel free if you have any question)
• DESPEDIDA: (Yours sincerely, yours cordially);(Respectfully)

INFORMAL E-MAIL:

• OPENING SALUTATION: (Hi ...,)
• BODY: (How are you? hope you are well.); (thanks for your e-mail, it was great to hear from you) (sorry for not writing earlier)
• INTRODUCE THE TOPIC: (I'm writing to thank you for...);(Listen, did I tell you about...); (I was wondering if you could help me.)
• CLOSING LINE: (well, that's all for now); (hope to hear

Accounting in Ancient Civilizations

The earliest civilizations that arose on earth had to find a way to record certain facts with arithmetic projection, which occurred too often and too complex to be retained by the memory.

Mesopotamia

The famous Code of Hammurabi, promulgated about the year 1700 AD, contained criminal law, civilian and commercial standards. It regulated contracts such as loans, sales, leases, fees, deposits, and other forms of civil and commercial matters.

Egypt

If accounting was important among the peoples of Mesopotamia, it was even more necessary in a society as rigidly centralized as pharaonic Egypt.

Greece

The Hellenic temples, as had happened many centuries before in Mesopotamia and Egypt, were the first places in ancient Greece... Continue reading "Accounting History: From Ancient Civilizations to Modern Profession" »

Understanding Text Organization

A text is an organized linguistic unit (words, phrases, sentences, periods, paragraphs, full text) structured according to the communicative situation, register of language, and communicative intentionality.

Sentence-Period

A sentence-period is a set of sentences linked by a period, covering the same subject.

Message vs. Text

The message is what is said, while the text is the organized form of what is said.

Communicative Environment

The communicative environment surrounds the issuance of a text and a message. Key questions include: "Who speaks?" and "To whom do they speak?"

Intention to Communicate

This refers to what we want to achieve with our message, such as reporting, ordering, inviting, seeking, or requesting.

The... Continue reading "Understanding Text Organization, Communication, and Language" »