Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teaching & Education

Modal Verbs in English

Obligation:

• Must (deber, tener que)
• Have to (tener que)

Must is used for orders and strong obligations, while have to is often used in a more general sense.

Prohibition:

• Mustn't (no deber)
• Can't (no poder)

Mustn't is more commonly used.

Necessity:

• Need to (necesitar)

Permission:

• Can (poder)
• May (poder)
• Could (podría)

Can and could are used more informally, while may is more formal.

No Necessity:

• Needn't (no necesitar)
• Don't have to (no es necesario que...)

Recommendations, Advice, Opinions:

• Should (deberías)
• Ought to (deberías)

Negative recommendations: Shouldn't and Oughtn't

Ability:

• Can (present)
• Be able to (future)
• Could (past)

Understanding Advice, Nouns, and Suffixes

A piece of advice: un consejo
Advisable: aconsejable
Advise: aconsejar... Continue reading "Understanding Modal Verbs and English Grammar" »

0c Present simple (sempre real) 1- If+present+will infinitive (real o possible) 2- If+past simple+would infinitive (unreal o impossible) 3-if+past perfect+ would have past participle (imaginary) mixed- If+past perfect+ would infinitive (past reaction with present result)

Stride-tancada. In quire-preguntar. Observe-observar.  Stroll-paseo.  Tiptoe-de puntillas. Beg-rogar. Stare at-mirar fixa. Whsiper-murmurar. Snarl-rapido. Exclaim-exclamar.

Hanging around-esperant. Got on with- llevarse con. Came down-bajar. Stacked away-apilar. Were off-estar fora. Was not over-no se ha acabado. Got stuck-quedar-se encallat. Heading on to- cap a. Set up-instalar.

UNIT 1 PRAGAMATICS

INTRODUCTION

• Deixis: Refers to words and phrases that cannot be fully understood without additional contextual information. Pointing via language.

“You’ll to bring this tomorrow because it is not here”

• Referenic. Act by which a speaker uses language to enable a listener to identify something.

• Inference: Additional information used by the listener to connect what is said to what must be MEANI

• Anaphora: Subsequent reference to an already introduced entity

“My brother came to see me. He was furious”

• Supposition: What a speaker assumes is true or known by what he hears

“Your qualified is waiting outside” → You heard a qualified

• Politeness: showing awareness of others' perform fave. Fave = public self-image

  • Fave-threatening

Describe two direct and another two indirect strategies you usually use for language learning. Write about the specific strategy and not about the strategy group. Explain them and give one example of how you use them for language learning.

1. Direct Strategy Grouping (Memory Strategy)

Involves classifying or reclassifying what is heard or read into meaningful groups, thus reducing the number of unrelated elements. It sometimes involves labeling the groups, as well.

In my case, when I am learning a foreign language, in this case, English I tend to use this Strategy. While I read a text I underline the words I did not understand such as, friendly, lively, lonely, much, little, several, as soon as, after, however, etc. Then I group them in three... Continue reading "Effective Language Learning Strategies and Examples" »

Nowadays, streaming services have come to stay. How would most people live through their daily TV shows without using Netflix? When it comes to streaming sources, there are always for and against arguments about it.

Pharos

Definition:

An island near Alexandria. On the island was a lighthouse.

Location in texts:

Homer’s Odyssey

Significance/theme:

The lighthouse was a great ancient wonder. It shows the large significance and impact that Alexandria had. It also demonstrates the power of Ptolemy.

Callimachus of Cyrene (c. 310-240 BCE)

Definition:

Callimachus was a famous poet and librarian in Alexandria.

Location in texts:

Callimachus’ Pinakes

Significance/theme:

He was responsible for producing a bibliographic survey based upon the contents of the Library. His work provided the foundation for later work on the history of Greek literature.

Nicander of Colophon (2nd c. BCE)

Definition:

Greek poet, physician, and librarian.

Location in texts:

Nicander’s Theriaka and Alexipharmaka

Significance/

Communication is the exchange of information (ideas, desires..) between two or more people for different reasons and by different means.

Elements communication process: sender, receiver, message, channel, code and context. ^{Additional elem: affective component, age, interlanguage. Proposed pattern for any lesson: warm-up, presentation, practice, production. Listening: Pre-listening, during-, post.}

^{3 strategies to speaking: questions and answers, instructions and directions, interviews.}

^{Theater is important: Concentration is so difficult for kids. They need to make associations through their senses / Theater normally reflects pupils interests and world.}

Stories are important: Enjoyment and fun. Pupils need to be motivated to learn. / Real context.... Continue reading "Effective Communication Strategies for English Language Teaching" »

INEBI is to use English while you work other subject's content. It is related to CLIL And communication. Inebi introduces English to 4 years pupils.

Inebi has two aims:

1.To improve the pupil’s competence

2.To improve the teacher’s teaching Practise

Language Is considered a communication tool and learned by using it in interactive Situations and integrating contents. Besides, to communicate in English Sometimes use the children mother tongue.

The Teacher proposed cognitive challenges to foster intrinsic Motivation and find a balance between accuracy and fluency.

Pupil’s Autonomy is searched by involving learners in content Decisions (for example, the planning)

The Didactic units contain 4 parts:

1.Introduction

2.Activity sequence

3.Appendix

4.

Classroom Language: Name 5 Instructions

• Please get into line
• Make a circle
• Hold hands
• Drop hands
• Put your hand up

Name 2 Clarification and 2 Praising Expressions

• Praising: Well done! That’s a nice picture.
• Clarification: I don’t understand. Can you repeat, please?

Six Literary Genres in Infant Literature

• Fables
• Songs
• Riddles
• Tongue twisters
• Poems
• Tales

Types of Fairy Tales

• ”Formula” tales
• Animal tales
• Marvelous tales
• Real-life tales

Planning a Lesson

• Include different elements:
  • Familiar song to start the classroom
  • New language, presented in a fun way
  • A familiar story

Using the Mother Tongue when Teaching a Foreign Language

• Attention Span
• Fast Finishers
• Routines

10 Clues to Read and Write

• Read to your child
• Ask questions
• Be a good (reading) example
• Identify letters in