Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teaching & Education

Educational Challenges in Spain

Nowadays in Spain, there is an educational problem. Most people do not continue with their studies, and 50% of university students leave before finishing their degree. They cannot pay the high tuition fees that the Government has established. Furthermore, there is no job to obtain financial support. To solve this issue, the Government should reduce the price of the tuition fees and make a proper distribution of scholarships because sometimes the Government gives money to people that do not need it. These changes could help many students to continue studying and find a good job to pay for their studies.

Application Letter

Mrs. ...
(School Name)
58, Cardigan Street
Oxford p56 23B

C/ Calderon de la Barca, 29
03201... Continue reading "Educational Challenges in Spain and a Job Application" »

General Formal Letter Template

Dear [Title + Surname] (e.g., Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Mr. Smith),

I am writing to you regarding/concerning [briefly state the topic or issue]. I would like to [express your purpose: suggest, complain, request, express concern, etc.].

Firstly, [present your first main point – describe the situation or give background information]. This is important because [give a reason or example].

Secondly, [give another reason, suggestion, or concern]. This could help [explain the benefit or consequence].

Furthermore/In addition/Moreover, I believe that [add a final thought or broader benefit].

I hope you will take my [suggestion/request/concern] into consideration. I would be grateful if you could let me know your thoughts on this... Continue reading "Effective Formal Letter Writing Techniques" »

Essential Business English Terms

Understanding key distinctions in business is crucial:

• Consumer: Uses or consumes the product.
• Customer: Purchases the product.
• Client: Receives a customized service.

General Business Vocabulary

1. Badge: A small item worn to identify a person, usually at events. Insignia o credencial.
2. Business card: A small card with personal or professional contact details. Tarjeta de presentación.
3. Contact: A person you communicate with for professional or business purposes. Contacto profesional.
4. Samples: Small examples of products given to customers for free to encourage purchase. Muestras de producto.
5. Stand: A booth or display space at a trade fair or exhibition. Puesto o expositor en ferias.

Key Verbs and Business Terms

• Allocate: To

Forms of Creativity

Adaptive Creativity: the form of creativity that transfers and applies existing forms of thinking and problem solving to new scenarios or different situations.

• Incremental changes

• Thinks "inside the box"

• Solve problems by improving, adapting and refining current ways of thinking

• Linear, disciplinary approach

Innovative Creativity: a form of creativity that generates new forms of thinking, addressing problems from an unusual perspective.

• Radical changes

• Thinks "outside the box"

• Solves problems by breaking, modifying and replacing current ways of thinking

• Divergent, interdisciplinary approach

Unit 5.7: Crisis Management and Contingency Planning

WHAT IS A CRISIS? An unexpected event which generates a negative impact on the organization

TRIGGERS/... Continue reading "Forms of Creativity and Crisis Management: Adaptive and Innovative Approaches" »

Essential English Vocabulary and Phrases

Here's a collection of useful English words and phrases, categorized for easy learning:

Common Verbs and Actions

• Audience: Public
• Eye-opener: Revelation
• Performance: Actuación
• Rehearsal: Ensayo
• Face: Afrontar
• Focus on: Centrarse en
• Give up: Rendirse
• Hold: Celebrar
• Manage: Arreglarse
• Point out: Indicar
• Share: Compartir
• Struggle: Esforzarse
• Survive: Sobrevivir

Descriptive Adjectives

• Alive: Vivo
• Awesome: Increíble
• Daft: Tonto
• Daily: Diario
• Dreadful: Pésimo
• Dull: Aburrido
• First-rate: Excelente
• Live: En vivo
• Offensive: Ofensivo
• Outstanding: Extraordinario
• Overrated: Sobrevalorado
• Smashing: Estupendo

Nouns and Concepts

• Live show: Concierto
• Deadline: Fecha límite
• Effort: Esfuerzo
• Employee: Empleado
• Pastime: Pasatiempo
• Right: Derecho
• Threat:

Introduction to Bulkcan

Bulkcan is a new and emergent CrossFit box that prides itself on close and personal treatment as its unique selling point (U.S.P). This is the marketing plan that has been developed for the company.

Location

The decision was made to place Bulkcan in Arrigorriaga, near the Arratia valley. This location was chosen due to the lack of competition nearby, presenting an opportunity for the CrossFit box. However, the strict laws and low chances of receiving a subvention are challenges to be faced.

Client Acquisition

As a new company, Bulkcan will not be initially well-known, posing a potential lack of clients. To address this, an ad campaign targeting 20-30 year olds, as indicated by our surveys, will be launched. This campaign... Continue reading "Bulkcan CrossFit Box Marketing Plan" »

hearing, sigth(vista),smell,taste,touch. Blinding(cegador),Brigth(brillante),crunchy,dark,deafening,faint(suave),Fragant,hard,rich(abundante),rough(aspero),silent,slimy(empalagoso),smooth(suave),soft(blando),spicy,stinky,sweet. Feel(sentir),gaze(mirada),hear,listen, look,savour, see,smell,sniff,stroke(acariciar),swallow,taste,touch,watch. Additional,adventurous, basic, careful, cautius, countless, medical, noisy, original, painful, practical, slimy,stilnky,traditional, universal, active, agreeable, different, dominant, insistent, pleasant. Come together(reunirse), dress up(disfrazarse), hand out(repartir), international, join in(participar), local, multicultural, pack out(llenar), put on(ponerse),religius,secular, set off(provocar, traditional,... Continue reading "Sensory Experiences, Language, Culture, and Fashion: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Adjective Antonyms

Word → Opposite

• Egocentric → Selfless
• Lazy → Hardworking
• Solitary → Sociable
• Flexible → Stubborn
• Rational → Emotional
• Reliable → Unreliable
• Shy → Extroverted
• Sensitive → Insensitive
• Ambitious → Generous (Note: This isn't a direct opposite, consider "Unambitious")
• Selfish → Selfless
• Solitary → Sociable
• Impatient → Patient
• Unambitious → Ambitious
• Disorganized → Organized
• Creative → Uncreative
• Persuasive → Unpersuasive
• Undecisive → Decisive

Translation Exercises

Exercise 1

Spanish: Estaría muy agradecido si me pudiera enviar su último catálogo y algunas muestras.

English: I would be very grateful if you could send me your latest catalog and some samples.

Spanish: Esperamos que le interesen nuestros productos,... Continue reading "English to Spanish Translation Exercises & Sample Cover Letter" »

Before factories, textile production was a primarily domestic affair, conducted on a small scale within individual homes.

Early Observations

Daniel Defoe, renowned author of "Robinson Crusoe," documented his travels through Yorkshire around 1720. He observed small cottages engaged in small-scale production, with each family functioning as an independent unit. Defoe noted regional variations, such as in Norfolk, where spinning and weaving were carried out in separate locations.

The Wool Production Process

The process of turning wool into clothing involved several steps:

1. Cleaning: Freshly sheared wool was thoroughly cleaned.
2. Carding: Wool fibers were brushed and aligned using tools like cards and combs.
3. Spinning: Primarily done by young, unmarried