Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Social sciences

Modernism: Ideological and Aesthetic Currents

Current Ideological and Aesthetic:

• Regenerationist: Believed art could transform society; therefore, art's destination is the service of society. Promoting cultural workers saw the regeneration of society. They were influenced by the ideas of Nietzsche and Ibsen.
• Aestheticists: Considered that art had no purpose other than to seek aesthetic pleasure, a form of escape from everyday reality. Were influenced by Baudelaire and Verlaine (symbolism), Oscar Wilde, and Maurice Maeterlinck.

Regenerationism vs. Aestheticism

• Art and culture as means for changing society. Rejection of art-as-evasion.
• Art as a shelter for those of a sensitive nature to the insensitivity of society.
• Propose art-for-art's-sake.
• Art

Varieties of Language

• Geographic: Varieties that a language presents depending on where it is used.
  • Causes: Degree of Romanization, other influences (pre-Roman languages, Germanic languages, Arabic, Italian, Indian languages, French, English).
• Diastratic: Varieties that coexist in one place, related to the sociocultural level of the people who use it.
  • Causes: Habitat, age, sex, occupation, socio-cultural level.
  • Types:
    • Learned: Careful language at all levels.
    • Media: Language that meets the linguistic requirements of communication but is cultivated.
    • Colloquial: Conversational language used by speakers in a relaxed environment without much concern for linguistic correctness (characteristics: cooperation, subjectivity, linguistic economy, spontaneity).

EU Business Organizations

Characteristics:

• Weak links of interest, whether it is bringing together national organizations, territorial associations, or sectorial ones.
• Created as a pressure group with the intent to influence political decision-making processes.
• Groups 33 associations from various countries.
• Dominated by large companies.

Types:

1. Organizations with the sole function of interest representation exclusively related to the labor market and labor relations.
2. Associations with commercial interests (Chambers of Commerce).
3. Associations with dual functions (1 and 2). This is the case of the Spanish CEOE.

Objectives:

• Promote the interests of the represented associations.
• Report and press on legislative decision-making processes.
• Represent associate members

Curriculum Design in Argentina

Building a National Framework

The Common Basic Curriculum (CBC) in Argentina represents a set of knowledge domains that underpin the educational process across all provinces. It serves as the foundation upon which various jurisdictions design their curricula.

Development and Implementation

The transformation and innovation of pedagogical approaches in Argentina's provinces involved extensive review, planning, and implementation of updated curriculum designs. This process, part of a broader effort to improve the quality of education, faced challenges due to inconsistencies across provinces. While the movement motivated and mobilized educators, it also highlighted difficulties in ensuring consistent educational experiences... Continue reading "Argentine Curriculum Design: A Nationwide Approach" »

Semiology: An Introduction to Linguistic Science

Semiology is the science that studies how environment has become the facts of language. It has gone through three successive phases before recognizing its true and only object of study:

1. Grammar: A study based on logic and devoid of any scientific view.
2. Language Rules: Only provides rules to distinguish correct forms from incorrect forms.
3. Discipline Rules: Rules far removed from pure observation with an unnecessarily narrow point of view.

Philology

This phase primarily aims to establish, interpret, and comment on texts, leading it to also address literary history, customs, institutions, etc. The flaw is that it considers written language too much and neglects living language.

Comparative Philology or

A New Techno-Scientific Revolution: Sound and Image

The experimental method advanced rapidly, bringing specialized knowledge about reality and matter in the fields of organic chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine. Technology improved health, life expectancy, and the daily lives of people. In the 1920s, wireless telegraphy allowed communication across borders through broadcasters and radio receivers. Homes began receiving news and entertainment programs very quickly through sound. In the 1930s, politicians used radio for electoral proposals. People saw the first films, and film with sound was more powerful, leaving behind the old silent films. The Warner Brothers crisis introduced sound film.

The Impact of Science on the Mind

A progressive... Continue reading "Technological & Scientific Revolution: Sound, Image & Culture" »

Fundamental Factors Affecting Soybean and Corn

Modified fundamentals affect soybean and corn. Originally from the USA, they currently cover 8% of the cultivated area in the world. They spread to developed countries with serious and uncertain social and health consequences. The largest producers are the USA, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, and China.

Implications

• Environmental: Loss of biodiversity, deforestation.
• Health: Uncertain global consequences.
• Economic: Dependence on purchasing seeds and herbicides from multinationals, impoverishment of small farmers.

Emerging Spaces (Characterization and Delimitation)

• High global importance (share of GDP): The majority are within the top 20 of the world's largest economies.
• Rapid industrialization.
• Increasing participation

Family's Educational Role

Conditions for effective family education:

• Relationships built on affection, respect, and recognized authority.
• Consistent guidance throughout the learner's development, reinforcing educational goals.
• Regular interaction providing opportunities for education and positive role modeling.
• Social recognition validating the family's efforts to instill values and utilize reinforcements and penalties, without negatively impacting emotional bonds.

Educational Goals Within the Family

• Socialization into a specific cultural context (language, customs, habits, interpersonal relationships).
• Guidance on general life aspects: religious, moral, ideological, professional.
• Gender role identification.
• Development of self-awareness and self-discipline.

15junA(rise)2-3/FFT/a.Locate/b.Secure/c.Eclipse/d.Monitor/BCB
15junB(biling)1-2/TTF/a.Inquiry/b.Evidence/c.Dementina/d.Hyphotesis/ABB

15julA(child)1,4-2/FFT/a.Junk/b.Poverty/c.Laid off/CBA
15julB(insta)1-2/FTT/a.Encorauges/n.Demand/c.Reaches/d.Look/BCB

14junA(research)2-3/FFT/a.Actually/b.Strenght/c.Impact/d.Declining/CBB
14junB(rural)2-4/TTF/a.Prosper/b.Provide/c.Entrepreneur/d.Groceries/CAC

14julA(spain)1-3/FTF/a.Set up/b.Alternative/c.Resulted in/d.chance/CAB
14julB(turning)1-3/TTF/a.Avaible/b.Booming/c.Impressive/d.Displace/ABA

13junA(twitter)3-5/FTF/a.Opportunity/b.Scheme/c.Issue/d.Actually/BBC
13junB(teen)3-4/FTF/a.Transition/b.Concerned/c.Baffled/d.Massive/CBA

13julA(cigar)2-4/FTF/a.Ban/b.Appealing/c.Plain/d.Requiring/BCA
13julB(tabl)2-3/FTF/a.... Continue reading "Data Analysis and Categorization: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Quine's Radical Translation and the Indeterminacy Thesis

What is Quine's Radical Translation Experiment?

Quine advocates for a radical empiricism, incompatible with the idea of knowledge independent of experience and a qualitative separation between science and philosophy. This concept, combined with a strict behavioral methodology in language research, forms the basis of his hostility towards the intuitive concept of meaning and related concepts (synonymy, etc.).

In support of his skepticism toward notions of meaning and synonymy, Quine discusses the concept of translation because the meaning of a linguistic expression is what a translation into another language is or is not correct. That is, a linguistic expression is a good translation of another... Continue reading "Quine's Radical Translation and Indeterminacy Thesis" »