Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

Slide 1: Remembering the Good and Bad Times at 11

Slide 1: Remember the good and bad times when you were 11 years old? (rhetorical question) Well, Today's presentation will give you deeper insight into the key messages behind the documentary of 'I am Eleven', commentary by Genevieve Bailey. My ideas, opinion and explanations of elements in the documentary connected to my personal life will be expressed. I will share some of my thoughts and experiences as an 11-year-old and how it has changed the way I am today.

Slide 2: Shifting to Australia at 11

Slide 2: First of all, shifting to Australia at the age of 11 was a difficult process. There was a lot of new things to discover and experiencing these moments, meeting new people and getting used to... Continue reading "Insights into 'I am Eleven' Documentary and Personal Reflections" »

Types of Power

• Coercive power: Dependent on fear.
• Reward power: Occurs when people go along with the wishes or directives of others if doing so produces positive benefits.
• Legitimate power: The power a person has because of their position in the formal hierarchy of an organization.
• Expert power: Based on expertise, special skills, or knowledge.
• Referent power: Comes from admiration of another and a desire to be liked by that person.

Expected Reactions to Power

• Resistance: Coercive
• Compliance: Reward, Legitimate
• Commitment: Expert, Referent

Dependency: The Key to Power

Dependency is central to understanding power: the greater B's dependency on A, the greater the power A has over B.

Important / Scarce / Cannot be substituted

Influence Tactics

• Rational persuasion
• Inspirational

Consequences of the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution brought profound changes across society, categorized as follows:

• Economic Consequences:
  • Increased production leading to a consumer society.
  • The heightened need for raw materials.
• Political Consequences:
  • Shift from absolute monarchy to parliamentary monarchy.
• Social Consequences:
  • Transition from an agricultural society to an industrial society.
  • The persistence of the Ancien Régime's class-based society into the industrial era.
• Cultural Consequences:
  • Transformation of traditional culture into a new urban culture.
• Social and Cultural Consequences:
  • Creation of new classes leading to new ideologies.

The Emergence of the Proletariat and Trade Unions

The emergence of Trade Unions occurred in 19th-... Continue reading "Industrial Revolution: Social, Economic, and Political Transformations" »

The Aim of Art and Theatre in Pygmalion

According to George Bernard Shaw's Preface, Pygmalion succeeds as didactic art, demonstrating that art and theatre can be used to teach.

The Relevance of Phonetics

In Act I, the Note Taker explains to Colonel Pickering that phonetics is crucial because speech reveals a person's origins and many aspects of their identity.

Eliza's Motivation

Eliza seeks lessons from Professor Higgins to improve her pronunciation. She believes proper speech is essential for her dream of opening a flower shop.

The Bet and Conflict

Higgins bets he can transform Eliza into a refined lady within six months. Pickering agrees to cover the expenses if Higgins succeeds. This bet becomes a source of conflict because Higgins and Pickering... Continue reading "Pygmalion: Analysis of Themes and Characters" »

The construction of the other. Who is the other? is the subject of analysis of anthropology, the native. The other we have learned does not exist objectively, detached from the values, objectives, intentions of the observer. We have argued that values (ways in which people understand the world around them) are socially constructed (they are products of specific cultures, times and places). The idea of progress, is a typical Western Europeans already present in the classical world of Rome and Athens but refined during Renaissance and culminating with the Industrial Revolution and its underlining geopolitical structure- central state and colonialism/imperialism. Such a cultural primacy was originally justified by theories (ways to understand... Continue reading "The Construction of the Other: A Postcolonial Critique" »

Globalism

Globalism is a philosophy that views the world as a single, interconnected community. It advocates for political and economic unification on a global scale.

United Nations (UN)

The United Nations is a prominent global organization dedicated to promoting world peace and economic prosperity.

General Assembly

The General Assembly is a principal organ of the UN where representatives from member countries discuss international issues and make recommendations for action. It cannot enact laws but determines the UN's budget.

Security Council

The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and ten elected members.... Continue reading "Global Governance: Key Institutions and Agreements" »

Explain the universalistic and contingency approaches to human resource strategy, including key characteristics of the commitment strategy.

Researchers have taken two basic approaches in investigating human resource patterns:

The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Principle

The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle was adopted by the UN General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit. R2P is considered a soft norm, meaning it has no strict legal dimensions, but it applies specifically to four mass atrocity crimes:

• Genocide
• War crimes
• Crimes against humanity
• Ethnic cleansing

Meaning and Core Obligations of R2P

R2P entails that the primary responsibility lies with the State to protect its own population from these four crimes. If a State manifestly fails to protect its citizens, the international community is then obligated to step in.

When the international community intervenes, it has three specific responsibilities (often referred to as the three phases of intervention):

1. To

Features of Non-Formal Education

• Centralization of the process on the student, based on their needs and possibilities.
• Immediate usefulness of education for personal and professional growth.
• Flexibility in procedures, objectives, and content.
• Quick reaction to changes affecting student and community needs.

School Autonomy Scenarios

School autonomy is granted under different scenarios:

1. General regulations covering a wide range of aspects of the school system.
2. Specific legislation designed for school autonomy.
3. Flexible administrative regulations issued by executive bodies.

Types of School Autonomy

• Full autonomy: Decisions within the law, without external intervention.
• Limited autonomy: Decisions within predetermined options or with higher authority approval.

EU Motto: Meaning and Origin

The motto of the European Union is "United in diversity". This signifies the union of countries with different characteristics, united for a common purpose.

The Eurozone Explained

The Eurozone comprises all the European Union countries that use the Euro (€) as their official currency.

EU Decision-Making Process

• Citizens, interest groups, experts: Discuss and consult.
• European Commission: Makes formal proposals.
• European Parliament & Council of the EU: Decide together.
• National or local authorities: Implement decisions.
• European Commission & Court of Justice: Monitor implementation.

Challenges Facing the European Union

Enlargement Criteria

Countries wishing to join the EU must meet certain criteria:

• Incorporate and