Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

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SWOT Analysis Process Framework and Porter Value Chain

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Analysis Process Framework

When analyzing a company, we should divide the analysis in two points: External and Internal. The focus of these analyses is to find their main Strengths, Weaknesses (internal analysis), Opportunities, and Threats (external analysis). After research we can finally build our SWOT analysis of the company.

External:

  • Trends = PESTLE - allows the company to make specific choices when planning the company's future, from how the brand should be presented, to any changes within the structure of the company's organization, to the development of new products.
  • Sector = Porter’s 5 forces - Analytical model used to help identify the structure of an industry, and to help companies determine their competitive strategies.

Internal Analysis:

... Continue reading "SWOT Analysis Process Framework and Porter Value Chain" »

Multilingualism and Third Language Acquisition: Factors and Educational Approaches

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Multilingualism

Multilingualism is the ability of individuals to use more than two languages in their everyday life. It exists when multiple languages coexist and are necessary for communication. These languages may have different statuses, such as majority or minority languages, both within the community and internationally. Some languages are primarily used in private domains, while others are used in public domains like work or school.

Factors Influencing Third Language Acquisition (TLA)

Four factors can influence TLA:

  • Sociolinguistic Context: Opportunities for language exposure, attitudes towards language learning, the status of different languages in society, and time devoted to different languages at school.
  • Psycholinguistic Processes: TLA
... Continue reading "Multilingualism and Third Language Acquisition: Factors and Educational Approaches" »

Spanish Education Reform 1874-1898: Bourbon Restoration & Educational System

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Spanish Education: 1874-1898

Bourbon Restoration and Civil Society

During the Bourbon Restoration (1874-1898), Alfonso XII returned to the throne, thanks to Cánovas del Castillo. Cánovas established turnismo, a political system of rigged elections alternating between Liberals and Conservatives. The constitution was Catholic, giving the Church control over education, with education laws changing depending on the ruling party.

Influence of Catholicism and the Bourbons

Catholicism and the Bourbons influenced the Institución Libre de Enseñanza (ILE), a free teaching institution. Proponents of public and free education, who believed in education's role in creating good citizens, were expelled for opposing these ideas. Values and sciences became

... Continue reading "Spanish Education Reform 1874-1898: Bourbon Restoration & Educational System" »

Integrating Language Learning Across Subjects: Strategies and Benefits

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Possibilities for Integration

Use the Work in the Language Class to Work in Other Subjects

For example, if the children make a survey in the English class to use the expression “by car”, “by bus”, etc., they can use the information in the mathematics class to make diagrams, schemes, etc.

In this way, we are relating language with the content in other subjects, which provides the language with a double value.

Use the Techniques in Other Subjects to Improve the Language Class

For example, the teacher makes questions in English in the mathematics class, questions like “who is wearing jeans?” “who is wearing a T-shirt?” “who is wearing jeans and a T-shirt?” that they will organize in diagrams.

Then, the information will be worked... Continue reading "Integrating Language Learning Across Subjects: Strategies and Benefits" »

The Global Issue of Terrorism

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Terrorismo

Terrorism is an international problem in today's global community. Many nations are affected, whether directly or indirectly. Most nations oppose terrorism, while others condone or even support active, brutal terrorism and terrorist groups.

Terrorism is defined by the US State Department to contain four elements. The first is a threat of violence or an act of violence. Next is a political objective. Third is that violence and threat of violence is a direct attack on civilians making civilians a primary target. Lastly, it is perpetrated by a supporting a nation or nations of terrorism.

Two examples of terrorism and non-terrorism are: the bombing of the US Embassy in Dar-Es-Salaam and the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.... Continue reading "The Global Issue of Terrorism" »

Negotiation Stages and Examples

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Confrontation:

In this stage, it is focused on winning/losing, forcing the positions against the counterpart, the positions are inflexible, the parts have little time to resolve the problems, so the negotiation will be easier for me, due to the power control that I have. Example: “Mr. Ballmer expressed a belief that Microsoft and Nokia could innovate more quickly in the mobile market if their products were produced by a single company, Microsoft”

Subordinated:

In this stage, the company is submitted to the interest of the other party, it tries to get something from the situation, it is a conflict without an exit, and I have to accept it. One party can make a concession. Example: “The future is likely to be relatively grim for employees

... Continue reading "Negotiation Stages and Examples" »

The Culture of the United Kingdom: Influences, Customs, and Significance

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The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history.

As a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power, it has a predominantly Christian religious life. It is composed of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, each of which has distinct customs, cultures, and symbolism. The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, including Humanism, Protestantism, and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.

British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture, and education are important aspects of British culture. The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology, producing world-leading scientists

... Continue reading "The Culture of the United Kingdom: Influences, Customs, and Significance" »

Spain's Democratic Evolution: Government, Territory, and Modern History

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A Democratic State in Spain

According to the Constitution, Spain is:

  • A Social State: Social interests come before individual interests.
  • A Democratic State: It guarantees the participation of citizens in politics.
  • A Juridical State: It is subject to the rule of law.

National sovereignty resides in the Spanish people, who delegate their power to representatives elected from the candidates of political parties through universal suffrage.

The state follows the model of a parliamentary monarchy:

  • The King is the Head of State.
  • The Chief Representative of the Nation.
  • His powers are limited by Parliament.

The powers of the state are divided among different institutions:

  • Legislative Power: Parliament (Cortes Generales), which has two chambers: the Congress of
... Continue reading "Spain's Democratic Evolution: Government, Territory, and Modern History" »

Transition from Middle Ages to Early Modern Period

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1. What changes marked the transition from the Middle Ages to the early modern period?

The demographic recovery made that demand increase, there was more land cultivation and greater crop yield. Also, the improvements in shipping growth to trade the Mediterranean Sea, and the production also rose.

2. Improvements in shipping gave rise to trade in the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the North Sea. Look at the map of the spice trade, one of the most important trade routes during the 15th century, and try to describe its information. You should use your book to look for more details.

They used this route to interchange eastern spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg, and pepper, which were used to preserve food and considered prized ingredients in... Continue reading "Transition from Middle Ages to Early Modern Period" »

Historical Turning Points: Civilizations, Colonization, and Key Innovations

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Key Moments in Early History

Maya Civilization: A 3500-Year Legacy

The Maya had one of the longest-running civilizations in history. Their historical period spanned from 2500 BC to 900 AD, a remarkable 3500 years.

Marks of a Civilization

What are the defining characteristics of a civilization?

  • Agriculture
  • Urban living
  • Art
  • Social organization
  • Trade
  • Mathematics and science

Columbus's First Impressions of the Taino

What were Christopher Columbus's initial impressions of the Taino people upon encountering them?

Columbus described the native islanders of Guanahani (which he renamed San Salvador) as generous, loving, artless, and good-looking. He was also convinced that these handsome, unclothed people would make excellent slaves.

Spanish Colonization vs. Trade

Why... Continue reading "Historical Turning Points: Civilizations, Colonization, and Key Innovations" »