Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

Terrorismo

Terrorism is an international problem in today's global community. Many nations are affected, whether directly or indirectly. Most nations oppose terrorism, while others condone or even support active, brutal terrorism and terrorist groups.

Terrorism is defined by the US State Department to contain four elements. The first is a threat of violence or an act of violence. Next is a political objective. Third is that violence and threat of violence is a direct attack on civilians making civilians a primary target. Lastly, it is perpetrated by a supporting a nation or nations of terrorism.

Two examples of terrorism and non-terrorism are: the bombing of the US Embassy in Dar-Es-Salaam and the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.... Continue reading "The Global Issue of Terrorism" »

Confrontation:

In this stage, it is focused on winning/losing, forcing the positions against the counterpart, the positions are inflexible, the parts have little time to resolve the problems, so the negotiation will be easier for me, due to the power control that I have. Example: “Mr. Ballmer expressed a belief that Microsoft and Nokia could innovate more quickly in the mobile market if their products were produced by a single company, Microsoft”

Subordinated:

In this stage, the company is submitted to the interest of the other party, it tries to get something from the situation, it is a conflict without an exit, and I have to accept it. One party can make a concession. Example: “The future is likely to be relatively grim for employees

The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history.

As a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power, it has a predominantly Christian religious life. It is composed of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, each of which has distinct customs, cultures, and symbolism. The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, including Humanism, Protestantism, and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.

British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture, and education are important aspects of British culture. The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology, producing world-leading scientists

Munoz, Thesis

1) Ideologies Regarding the Implementation of Foreign language Policy in Chile: a Case Study.

2) Year: 2010.

Valeria Muñoz

The Policy declared by the Chilean government regarding the incorporation of English language to primary school up to secondary education.

57 students from fourth year of high school were surveyed, interviewed and observed, as well as two English teachers.

Pre service teachers and teacher of English.

The survey conducted to students provided quantitative data, whereas interviews and class observation gave qualitative information.

McKay, International Language

1) Teaching English as an International Language: the Chilean context.

2) Year: 2003.

Sandra McKay

a) The Chilean English teaching context

b) The teacher questionnaire.... Continue reading "Ideologies Regarding the Implementation of Foreign Language Policy in Chile: A Case Study" »

1. What changes marked the transition from the Middle Ages to the early modern period?

The demographic recovery made that demand increase, there was more land cultivation and greater crop yield. Also, the improvements in shipping growth to trade the Mediterranean Sea, and the production also rose.

2. Improvements in shipping gave rise to trade in the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the North Sea. Look at the map of the spice trade, one of the most important trade routes during the 15th century, and try to describe its information. You should use your book to look for more details.

They used this route to interchange eastern spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg, and pepper, which were used to preserve food and considered prized ingredients in... Continue reading "Transition from Middle Ages to Early Modern Period" »

Abortion Laws: A Global Health Issue

Most countries have laws that prohibit abortion entirely or only permit it to save a woman's life. However, there is a global trend toward liberalizing abortion laws.

Unsafe Abortion: A Public Health Crisis

The World Health Organization has recognized unsafe abortion as a serious public health problem since 1967. When women facing unwanted pregnancies encounter legal restrictions, they are more likely to seek unsafe abortions. Legal restrictions directly correlate with a higher percentage of unsafe procedures, significantly impacting public health.

Even in countries with legal abortion, limited public information and inadequate medical training can hinder access to safe procedures. The United Nations Special... Continue reading "Abortion Laws and UN Security Council Reform: Global Perspectives" »

Word Order in English and Spanish

In English, we find:

• DETERMINER + adjective + noun
• Determiner + noun + adjective
• Adjective as subject complement
• Adjective as object complement (e.g., He made his wife happy)

In Spanish and English, the attributive function shows the following word orders:

• Spanish: Noun + adjective, Adjective + noun
• English: Adjective + noun, Noun + adjective

In English, there are several cases in which the position of adjectives is usually postnominal:

Indefinite pronouns ending in -body, -one, -thing, -where can be modified only postpositively.

Textual Equivalence

Aim: To explore how word order controls information flow and other strategies at the text level.

Cohesive Devices

Cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis,... Continue reading "Word Order, Cohesion, and Conjunction in English and Spanish" »

We must distinguish between the grammatical category of tense and the semantic category of time. Time is a non-linguistic concept with three divisions: past, present, and future. Tense is a grammatical category that is realized by verb inflection; by tense, we understand the correspondence between the form of the verb and the concept of time. There are just two tenses in English, present and past. However, there is no obvious future tense in English corresponding to the time/tense relation for present and past. Instead, there are several possibilities for denoting future time.

The Term Aspect

refers to a grammatical category which concerns the manner in which a verbal action is experienced or regarded, for example, as complete or in progress.... Continue reading "Understanding Tense, Aspect, Number, and Concord in English Grammar" »