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Comparative Politics Key Concepts

Classified in Social sciences

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Comparative Politics
Study and evaluation of similarities and differences between political systems.
State
Political organization, institution for government, possessing sovereignty and territory.
Nation
Group of people united by fundamental characteristics.
Nationalism
Belief by a nation that it can be a state.
Nation-State
Borders coincide with a particular nation.
Territoriality
Unit has a certain geographic perimeter.
Sovereignty
State is supreme within its own borders.
Internal Control
Monopoly on the use of legitimate violence.
External Autonomy
Not subservient to any other state.
De Facto
Empirical.
De Jure
Juridical.
Three Worlds
System of classifying states.
First World
Liberal democracy.
Second World
Communist.
Third World
Not powerful enough to fit in other
... Continue reading "Comparative Politics Key Concepts" »

The European Union: Structure, Evolution, and Key Institutions

Classified in Social sciences

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European States: Diversity and Characteristics

Europe is divided into 49 countries. Differences between states include:

  • Size: Russia is the largest, while micro-states are the smallest.
  • Population: Russia also has the largest population.
  • Wealth: Germany possesses the most economic power.
  • Regional Differences: Western Europe is the most developed zone, while former Soviet Europe (Eastern Europe) is the largest in terms of area.

The European Union: Origins and Purpose

After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged stronger than other European countries. European countries created a continent-wide organization to consolidate peace, prevent wars, and compete collectively against these superpowers. In 1957, six European countries signed... Continue reading "The European Union: Structure, Evolution, and Key Institutions" »

Authoritarian monarchy

Classified in Social sciences

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authoritarian monarchy:
manarcas supported the following elements:
- The domain of a large unified territory.
- The subjection of the feudal nobility.
- Creation of a standing army and a justice imdependiente given by judges.
-collection of taxes
- Creation of an administration
- Creation of diplomacy that is the establishment of relations with other countries to solve problems without arms reach.
q told the first countries with authoritarian monarqia portugal england were France and Spain.

Cultural Differences: Dimensions and Examples

Classified in Social sciences

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Cultural Dimensions and Their Impact

High and Low Power Distance Index (PDI) Examples

  • German Discussion & Beer: Germans tend to have strong opinions.
  • Boss in Malaysia: The boss is apparently always right.
  • Information is power: Characteristic of High PDI.
  • The communication flow: Characteristic of Low PDI.
  • Respect, power: Characteristic of Low PDI.
  • People may: Characteristic of Low PDI.
  • Avoid anything: Characteristic of Low PDI.
  • Promotion may: Characteristic of High PDI.
  • Managers: Characteristic of High PDI.
  • Seeing: Characteristic of Low PDI.
  • Your work: Characteristic of High PDI.

Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV) Examples

  • Praise and reward: Characteristic of High IDV.
  • Focus on relationship: Characteristic of High IDV.
  • People will: Characteristic of High
... Continue reading "Cultural Differences: Dimensions and Examples" »

Essential Indigenous Concepts and Historical Figures

Classified in Social sciences

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Key Indigenous Concepts and Terminology

  • Indigenous Historical Consciousness: The understanding of relationships between past, present, and future from an Indigenous perspective.
  • Historicity: The idea that history is actively made and revolves around Indigenous peoples.
  • Historical Recognition: Acknowledging the full and accurate historical narratives of Indigenous peoples.
  • Sites of Pedagogy: Specific locations or contexts that serve as places of learning.
  • Indigenousness: The holistic way of being, encompassing the deep connection between land and people as a whole.
  • Sovereignty: The inherent right to self-governance and full rights for Indigenous nations.
  • Métissage: The interweaving or separation of histories, often referring to cultural mixing or
... Continue reading "Essential Indigenous Concepts and Historical Figures" »

Insights on Work, Taxation, Business, Literature, and Philosophy

Classified in Social sciences

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Swami Vivekananda

Secrets of Work Stated by Swami Vivekananda

1. Work as Worship: Swami Vivekananda emphasized that work should be performed as a form of worship, with dedication, devotion, and a sense of reverence. He believed that when work is performed with this attitude, it becomes a means of connecting with the divine.

2. Selfless Service: Swami Vivekananda stressed the importance of selfless service, performing work without expectation of reward or recognition. He believed that selfless service helps to purify the mind, cultivate compassion, and develop a sense of unity with others.

3. Detachment from Results: Swami Vivekananda taught that one should work without attachment to the results of their actions. He believed that attachment to results... Continue reading "Insights on Work, Taxation, Business, Literature, and Philosophy" »

Constitutional Law: Principles, Definitions, and Impact

Classified in Social sciences

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Constitutional Law: Core Concepts

Definition and Importance of Constitutional Law

  • The Constitution is the supreme law of the country.
  • It defines the State's form, ideology, government structure, and citizens' rights and duties.
  • Regulates the exercise of State power and the legal relationship between individuals and the State.

Fundamental Principles of Constitutional Law

  1. Rule of Law: Government actions must comply with the law; the judiciary ensures laws are followed.
  2. Secularism: No official religion; the State treats all religions equally and separates religion from governance.
  3. Respect for Human Rights: Fundamental rights and freedoms must be protected.
  4. Democratic State: Citizens elect representatives; multiple political choices exist.
  5. National State:
... Continue reading "Constitutional Law: Principles, Definitions, and Impact" »

Societal Challenges: Analysis and Solutions

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Terrorism: Understanding its Dynamics

Terrorism is the use of violence, intimidation, or coercion to achieve political, ideological, or social goals, often targeting civilians or non-combatants.

Types of Terrorism

  1. Domestic Terrorism: Terrorism perpetrated within a country by its own citizens.
  2. International Terrorism: Terrorism that involves multiple countries or has global implications.
  3. State-Sponsored Terrorism: Terrorism supported or funded by a state or government.

Causes of Terrorism

  1. Political Grievances: Political oppression, corruption, or lack of representation.
  2. Ideological Extremism: Extremist ideologies, such as religious or nationalist extremism.
  3. Social and Economic Factors: Poverty, unemployment, and social inequality.

Effects of Terrorism

  1. Loss
... Continue reading "Societal Challenges: Analysis and Solutions" »

Language vs Dialect: Power Dynamics and Societal Influence

Classified in Social sciences

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Regarding the difference between a language and a dialect can be confusing. A language is a mental phenomenon, the language lives in the mind because it is a cognitive ability. However, a dialect is a certain type of linguistic variety. It is the way of speaking of a community which is a bit different from the standard one. One problem is dialectal continuum:

The distinction is very broad. If we ask how many languages there are, we will not have an exact answer because there are over 4000 and 6000 languages. It is difficult to say which is a language or which is not. The word 'language' is a concept more political than scientific, the decision in the end is political. For example, the Swedes, Danish, and Norwegians speak highly similar linguistic... Continue reading "Language vs Dialect: Power Dynamics and Societal Influence" »

Essential Concepts: GIS, Smart Cities, and E-Governance

Classified in Social sciences

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Fundamentals

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system designed to analyze and display geographically referenced information. It utilizes data that is intrinsically linked to a unique location.

Most of the information we have about our world contains a location reference. For instance, where are USGS streamgages located? Where was a rock sample collected? Exactly where are all of a city's fire hydrants?

Consider an example: if a rare plant is observed in three different places, GIS analysis might reveal that these plants are all on north-facing slopes, above an elevation of 1,000 feet, and receive more than ten inches of rain per year. GIS maps can then display all locations in the area that... Continue reading "Essential Concepts: GIS, Smart Cities, and E-Governance" »