Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Social sciences

The empirical research of Pettigrew and Whipp

In a series of research studies between 1985 and 1990, the UK-based researchers Pettigrew and Whipp analysed how strategic change occurred in four sectors of UK industry. Their evidence did not extend beyond the UK but their conclusions are likely to be applicable to other geographic areas. They suggested that strategic change can most usefully be seen as a continuous process, rather than one with distinct stages, such as the formulation of strategy and then its implementation. In this sense, they argued that strategy was not a linear movement with discrete stages but an experimental, iterative process where the outcomes of each stage were uncertain. A first small step might be actioned and then... Continue reading "Strategic Change and Implementation: Research Insights" »

Qualities of Time

Irreversibility

Time cannot go backward. Once something has happened, it cannot be undone.

Inseparability from Space

Everything happens in a particular time and space. These two concepts are inseparable.

Relativity

Time is relative, depending on the observer or the circumstances (subjective).

Multiplicity

Each discipline or science analyzes time from a different perspective.

Essential Competences in Education

Besides Civic competence, our teaching unit prioritizes self-reflection and awareness of relevant social problems to improve society and foster active participation and citizenship. We will assess the following basic competences:

Transversal Competences

Communicative and Linguistic Competence

Students should be able to communicate... Continue reading "Time and Essential Competences in Education" »

Understanding Key Social Concepts

Ideologies and Economic Systems

Sexism

Sexism refers to the ideology that one sex is superior to the other, often leading to unequal treatment and discrimination.

Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, accumulation of capital, and profit-driven markets.

Social Inequality and Deviance

Discrimination

Discrimination involves the unfair treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics like race, ethnicity, religion, sex, or social class.

Labeling Theory

Labeling theory posits that individuals may adopt deviant identities when labeled as such by others, regardless of their actual behavior.

Cultural Relativism

Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding... Continue reading "Understanding Social Concepts: From Sexism to Transnational Crime" »

Congresses Cons. Powers: Treaty Making, Appointment Powers, War Powers, Commerce Powers.

Theories of representation, including ethnicity - Stuart Hall 

Thomas More's Utopia (1516)

The Concept of Utopia

Utopia explores the idea of a perfect society, a concept that, by definition, cannot be achieved in reality. Moore coined the term "utopia" to describe this ideal.

Social Criticism and the Emerging State

The book applies reason to social criticism and examines the emerging state. The first half of Utopia describes an unjust society grappling with issues like enclosure, monetary policy, and rural emigration (dissolution of feudal mores). These problems, prevalent for generations, reflect the challenges faced by English society at the time.

Zeitgeist and Dystopias

Zeitgeist, or spirit of the time, refers to the dominant assumptions shaping a particular era. In the context of Utopia, it encompasses the... Continue reading "Thomas More's Utopia: A Renaissance Ideal of Society" »

1. Journalism as Modern Cartography

Guiding Citizens Through Society

Journalism acts as a modern form of cartography, creating pathways and bridges that help citizens navigate the complexities of society. It provides a map for understanding current events, issues, and diverse perspectives.

2. The Responsibility of News Providers

A Duty Beyond Personal Opinions

The importance of news comes with a significant responsibility for those who provide it. Journalists have a duty to present information accurately and objectively, going beyond personal opinions or biases.

3. Defining Journalism and the Role of a Journalist

Beyond Simple Questions

Instead of asking "What does a journalist do?", we should delve deeper into the core principles and purpose of journalism.... Continue reading "Understanding Journalism: Roles, Responsibilities, and the Pursuit of Truth" »

Scientific concepts are abstract entities which allow us to identify, differentiatie and compare, with a certain amount of accuracy, the objects that make up reality and that are studied by a specific science.There 3 types: classificatory concepts: order and separate different kids of entities depending on their basic properties (troposphere). comparative concepts: classify and order things into separate groups( the hardness of minerals). Metric : are exclusive to science. They express specific properties called quantities(speed)

Scientific law: is a way of expressing the regular, constant and invariable relationship we observe between two phenomena or between thei properties.

The teaching of "Media" should be based on the creation of critical social thought. The purpose of education should be to prepare people to participate in society, providing them with tools and resources to develop their own critical social thought. We need to provide the resources to know how to, and to want to, make social decisions, resolve day-to-day problems, and exercise their role consciously, constructively, and responsibly. Citizen awareness and commitment to the world we live in should be encouraged, starting with awareness between science and social problems, and the correlation between the decisions of individuals on the group as a whole.

The Critical Model

• Objectives: Teaching a critical thought approach, thoughtful and committed