Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Secondary education

Modal Verbs: Usage and Meaning

Ability and Permission

• Can: Expresses ability in the present.
• Could: Expresses ability in the past.
• Be able to: Used for other tenses (e.g., future, perfect).
• Be allowed to: Indicates that permission is given.

Possibility and Deduction

• May, Might, Could: Express present or future possibility.
• May not, Might not: Express negative possibility.
• Can't: Used to state something is impossible.
• Must, Can't: Used for logical deductions.

Obligation and Necessity

• Must, Have to: Express obligation.
• Needn't, Don't have to: Express lack of obligation.
• Need: Primarily used in negative and interrogative sentences.
• Need to: Used in affirmative sentences to express a necessity.
• Ought to, Should, Shouldn't: Used for recommendations or advice.

Essential

- Period= 1780- 1850/ 1850- 1945

1. Not to Let One's Feelings Appear in One's Face

Context: Julia hurt her arm and Winston does not really know how to feel towards it, but he was watching how Julia's facial expression did not change was a matter of instinct especially because of the telescreen.

Significance: It shows how the party has so much control of how emotions are portrayed.

2. I Love You

Context: Winston is in his cubicle when he sees a paper on his desk, he assumes it's the thought police but it wasn't from them. When he reads the note he is shocked.

Significance: It shows how they are so numb to emotion and that when they're confronted with it, they don't know how to react.

3. Always Yell with the Crowd, That's What I Say

Context: Julia is talking to Winston when they meet...

Arthritis: Inflammation of the Joints

Arthritis is a condition where the joints become inflamed, swollen, and warm to the touch. It can also cause decreased mobility and joint deformities.

Osteoarthritis: A Common Type of Arthritis

Osteoarthritis is a chronic, non-inflammatory condition characterized by progressive degeneration of the cartilage and joints.

Gout: Painful Inflammation of Joints

Gout is a type of arthritis that involves painful inflammation of the joints. It usually begins abruptly and is accompanied by redness and swelling.

Rheumatism: Similar to Osteoarthritis

Rheumatism is similar to osteoarthritis but typically occurs in individuals between the ages of 25 and 55.

Osteoporosis: Decrease in Bone Mass

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized...

SPORT VERBS

Verbs

• Be disqualified
• Be knocked out (eliminated)
• Boo off (abuchear)
• Carry on (seguir)
• Cheer on (animar)
• Dive (into) (bucear)
• Drop out (abandonar)
• Get through (superar)
• Give up (rendirse)
• Qualify
• Sign up
• Take part in
• Train (entrenar)

Other Verbs

• Chase (after) (perseguir)
• Climb (up/along)
• Crawl (through) (gatear)
• Cross (over)
• Get (over) (superar)
• Jog (round)
• Jump
• March (along) (marchar)
• Ski (down)
• Skip (omitir)
• Swim (through)
• Walk (over)

KEEPING FIT

Verbs

• Become a member
• Bulk up
• Enrol (inscribirse)
• Enter
• Feel unwell
• Get into shape (ponerse en forma)
• Get together
• Go on a diet
• Join (unirse)
• Keep fit
• Lose weight (perder peso)
• Make an appointment
• Put on weight (engordarse)
• Stop smoking
• Take supplements
• Take up (empezar)

Nouns

• Champion
• Championship
• Competition
• Competitor
• Crowd (multitud)

Basketball: Rules, Techniques, and Gameplay

Objective

The object of the game is to get the ball into the other team's basket. Depending on the part of the court, you score 1, 2, or 3 points. The team that scores the most points wins the match.

Game Structure

The game is played in four 10-minute quarters controlled by a game clock, with a 10-minute half-time break between the second and third quarters. The five players on each team can be substituted as needed. Two referees apply the rules while umpires time the game and record the fouls.

Rules

Relating to Time Situations:

• When a team has possession of the ball, they have 8 seconds to get to the opposing team's side of the court and 24 seconds to try and get a shot in.
• No more than 5 seconds can be

- Without H20 being polar, there would be no life on Earth, and Earth will be very dry. Humans and living organisims depend on H20 and it's polarity to sustain life on Earth because h20 wouldnt be able to form hydrogen bonds because it isnt polar. Animals who depend on ice such as polar bears and seals wold not be able to live due to ice not floating on the surface of water. When ice lacks crystal lattice structure, it starts to drown, and this happens due to the lack of hydrogen bonding. Therefore, h20 is very important for life to exist on earth.

- h-h: nonpolar covalent bond

- p-cl: covalent

- na-br: ionic

Electronegativity: 0->0.4 = covalent, 0.5->1.7=polar covalent, more than 1.7= ionic bonds, minus the EN

- Ion-induced dipole force:

Ethical Business Conduct

T6- "Do to others as you would like them do to you". Business ethics involve describing inappropriate behaviors (taking gifts, bribing government officials, misrepresenting data, discriminatory practices, boycotting third parties). Maximization: Produce quality products at low costs. Codes: Control ethical behaviors (have employees adopt standards, write contracts that align interests, write codes of ethics, and provide training).

Financial Management

T7- Goal: Maximize shareholder wealth. Financial management in a typical corporation: Board of directors – Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The CEO oversees the (A) Chief Operating Officer (COO) and (B) Chief Financial Officer (CFO). The CFO is responsible for the (Bi) Controller...