Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

1. Information System Definition and Functions

An information system is an organized system for the collection, organization, storage, and communication of information. It is the study of networks that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data. Essentially, it's a group of components that interact to produce information.

Objectives:

• Efficient management of data and information
• Improvement of business processes
• Creation of value

The main functions are:

• Capturing internal and external data
• Data processing
• Distributing information to users

2. Centralized vs. Distributed Information Systems

Centralized Systems

In a centralized system, all calculations are done on one particular computer.

Distributed Systems

In a distributed... Continue reading "Understanding Information Systems and Network Topologies" »

Modern and Contemporary Art: Scam or Genius?

"Is contemporary or modern art a scam or a stroke of genius?" This is a common question. Although this is considered art, for me, it is not.

On the one hand, when you see a work of art from other eras, such as Romanesque art, regardless of your personal tastes, the work behind the artwork is appreciated. In return, when you look at a work of contemporary art, although you look and look, you find nothing, and it often comes with disproportionately high prices.

On the other hand, a few years ago, the BBC did a test. They put three works regarded as true works of art and three works made by children together. The result was curious: the work that received the most votes was made by a child, and many experts... Continue reading "Modern Art vs. Solidarity vs. Entrepreneurship: Insights & Analysis" »

Phishing:

Hackers attempt to impersonate genuine organisations to fool the user into providing sensitive personal data. Emails are very official-looking, and they usually contain a link to a website which is an exact copy of the organisation's actual site, but it is operated by the criminals. When the user logs in with their details, the data is sent to the criminal. 

Guarding against phishing:

No reputable organisation would request personal details in an email or unsolicited phone call, because it does not need your sensitive data to access your account information. Never follow links to a bank/organisation- manually type it.

Trojan Horses:

Malware program that comes in disguise. Rely on tricking the user into downloading and running them. Involves... Continue reading "Protecting Against Phishing, Trojan Horses, Worms, and Viruses" »

What They Mean by Original Sin

The concept of original sin suggests that everyone is born with a predisposition towards wrongdoing, a desire for temporary pleasure or fulfillment. This inclination, while often diminishing with maturity, leaves a lasting impact on the human psyche. Consequently, our actions, purpose, and intentions become central to our moral compass.

St. Augustine's Perspective on Desire and Evil

St. Augustine, reflecting on his own youthful temptations, recognized a connection between desire and moral evil. Inspired by the simple life and virtuous intentions of St. Antony, he underwent a personal transformation, aspiring to become a better person.

Four Sources of Theology

Christian theology draws upon four key sources:

Scripture

This... Continue reading "Exploring the Sources of Christian Theology and the Nature of Sin" »

Roald Dahl (1916-1990)

British Author of Norwegian Descent

Roald Dahl was a British novelist and short story author of Norwegian descent. He achieved fame as a writer for both children and adults.

Early Life and Influences

Some of his most famous works include Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, and Kiss Kiss. In 1920, tragedy struck when his 7-year-old sister died from appendicitis, followed a month later by his father's death from pneumonia at the age of 57. Dahl attended several boarding schools, an experience he found unpleasant due to homesickness, leading him to write frequent letters to his mother. The inspiration for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory came during his time studying in Derbyshire, where pupils tasted chocolates.... Continue reading "Roald Dahl: A Darkly Humorous Journey into the Unexpected" »

The following examples demonstrate complex SQL techniques using conditional logic (IF, CASE), subqueries, variable assignment, and string manipulation to analyze geographical and economic data stored in tables like Pais (Country), Ciudad (City), and LenguaPais (Country Language).

1. Independence Year Formatting for African Countries

This query retrieves the name of countries in Africa and formats their independence year (AnyIndep) to display whether it was B.C. (a.C.) or A.D. (d.C.).

SELECT Nombre,
    IF(AnyIndep > 0,
        CONCAT(AnyIndep,' d.C'),
        IF(AnyIndep < 0,
            CONCAT(ABS(AnyIndep),' a.C'),
            'N/A')) AS 'Año de Independencia'
FROM Pais
WHERE Continente = 'Africa'

2. City Population Comparison Against

... Continue reading "Advanced SQL Queries for Country Data Analysis" »

Human Eye Structure and Function

Key Components:

• Conjunctiva: Thin, transparent membrane lining the front of the sclera. It's moistened by tears, produced in the tear glands, which contain lysozyme, an enzyme that kills bacteria.
• Pupil: Opening in the iris through which light passes. It controls the amount of light entering the eye and appears black due to the black pigment of the choroid.
• Lens: Clear structure that allows light into the eye. It's made of stiff jelly and can change shape to focus light.
• Iris: Colored part of the eye that responds to light.
• Cornea: Transparent, protective layer at the front of the eye.
• Suspensory Ligaments: Fibers supporting the lens. When pulled tight, the lens is thin; when loosened, the lens is thicker.
• Ciliary Muscles:

... Continue reading "Human Eye Structure and Function: A Detailed Look" »

Classification of Industrial Activities

Industrial activities can be classified into different types based on their origin and characteristics:

Base Industries

These industries make the first changes to raw materials (minerals and energy sources) to provide energy.

Capital Goods Industries

These industries make the second changes in order to prepare products.

Consumer Goods Industries

These industries manufacture products that are to be sold directly to the consumer.

Factors for Industry Location

Traditional Factors

• Proximity to raw materials and energy sources
• Proximity to market centers and consumption
• Proximity to ports and transport routes
• Abundance of low-skilled labor

Current Factors

• Accessibility to raw materials and energy sources
• Abundance of cheap

... Continue reading "Industrial Activities: Classification, Location, and Landscape" »

Advertisement

Item of publicity to promote a product or service in newspapers, magazines, on TV, etc.

Advertising Agency

Marketing services firm that assists companies in planning advertisements.

AIDA

Attention, Interest, Desire, Action - the aim of all advertising.

Benefit

Advantage of a product or service.

Billboard

Signboard or wooden structure used to display advertising posters.

Broadsheet

Newspaper printed in a large format.

Campaign

Organised course or plan of action.

Circulation

Average number of copies of newspapers or magazines sold over a period of time.

Classified Ads

Small advertisement in newspapers or magazines divided into categories.

Commercial

Advertisement on radio or television.

Coupon

Part of a printed advertisement to be used to order goods... Continue reading "Advertising Glossary: Key Terms and Definitions" »

Key Concepts in Rhetoric and Public Speaking

This glossary defines fundamental terms related to persuasive communication, audience analysis, speech delivery, and logical reasoning.

Ethos

Ethical appeal, based on the speaker's credibility and character.

Pathos

Persuading the audience through emotional appeal.

Logos

An appeal that is rational and reasonable, based on evidence and logic.

Mythos

A term given when content supports a claim by reminding the audience of shared cultural values or history.

Rhetoric

The art of persuasive speech and effective communication.

Oratory

A form of eloquent public speaking.

Delayed Feedback

Audience response received after the speech is performed.

Internal Previews

Transitions that tell the audience what you will say next, helping... Continue reading "Essential Vocabulary for Rhetoric and Effective Public Speaking" »