Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Ambient: simulate global lighting,  constant in all surfaces. Objects not lighted by extrnl source of light. Lghts parts that cannot be reached by source of light, but seen by  observer I = Ia*Ka

Diffuse: after a source of light incides in a surface, the reflected rays are dispersed in many directions (common: rough surfaces).A surface is an ideal diffuse reflector (Lambert reflector) if it reflects light in all directions with the = intensity → surface equally shiny from any perspective. I =Ip*Kp*(N*L)

Specular: effect of "bright spots" that see in a surface reflecting light, can only be observed from certain directions (common glossy surfaces) ▪ direction of specular reflection  determined by the angle of reflection (𝜙) with respect... Continue reading "3D Graphics Illumination and Surface Shading Techniques" »

Annapolis, Maryland

Credit: Christopher Boswell/Shutterstock

You may know bustling Annapolis is home to the U.S. Naval Academy and Maryland’s capital, but if you’ve never been, you might be surprised at its rich history. The Maryland State House has the honor of being the oldest state capitol in continuous legislative use — and was once the nation’s capitol building. George Washington resigned as commander in chief of the Continental Army in this building in 1783.

After a visit to the Naval Academy, be sure to spend some time walking along the City Dock. Stroll past art galleries, pubs, fashion boutiques, and gift shops. The highlight is “Ego Alley,” named for the parade of expensive and remarkable yachts that sail past this waterfront... Continue reading "Explore Annapolis and Ocean City, Maryland" »

Principles of Public Administration

The fundamental principles governing public administration include effectiveness, hierarchy, decentralization, deconcentration, and coordination.

General principles for effective service to citizens include:

• Simplicity, clarity, and promotion of citizen participation.
• Objectivity and transparency of administrative action.
• Rationalization and agility of administrative procedures and material management.
• Good faith, legitimate expectation, and institutional loyalty.
• Responsibility for public management, planning, and management by objectives.
• Economy, sufficiency, and strict adaptation of means for institutional purposes.
• Efficiency in the allocation and use of public resources.
• Cooperation, collaboration, and coordination

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption

A) Factors Related to the Drug

a) Drug Properties

• Degree of Ionization: Highly ionized drugs are poorly absorbed.
• Lipid Solubility: High lipid-water partition coefficients increase absorption.
• Valency: Ferrous salts are absorbed more than ferric; Vitamin C increases iron absorption.
• Molecular Weight (MW): Low MW drugs have a faster rate of absorption; high MW drugs have a slower rate. Adding procaine to penicillin increases MW, decreases the rate of absorption, and prolongs action.

b) Pharmaceutical Form

Solutions are absorbed better than suspensions or tablets.

B) Factors Related to the Patient

• Route of Administration: Absorption from mucous membranes is very rapid from alveolar mucosa, less from sublingual, small

Why People Love to Travel

I am going to talk about the reasons why people love traveling and the benefits we might get when we travel. Have you been on a trip recently? Let me tell you a bit more about the reasons why people decide to travel. Nowadays, people travel mostly for pleasure. Travelers typically choose destinations where they think they’ll feel relaxed in different ways. Other people instead prefer traveling for deeper, more conscious motivations. For example, if you have lived all your life with the comforts of western society, it’s easy to forget that life is not as easy for everyone around the world. In this case, traveling to a different country might help you put your life in perspective and find relaxation in a different... Continue reading "The Joys and Benefits of Traveling" »

Nouns from Verbs

You can make nouns from some verbs by adding the suffix -ion:

• instruct → instruction
• inform → information

Study Nouns

• communication
• concentration
• correction
• distraction
• education
• imagination
• information
• instruction
• motivation
• participation
• presentation

Reported Commands and Requests

To report commands, use tell + object + (not) + to + verb:

“Don’t run.” → He told us not to run.

To report requests, use ask + object + (not) + to + verb:

“Could you go inside?” → Mrs. Evans asked us to go inside.

Giving Examples

My desk isn’t very neat. There are lots of things on it, such as sticky notes and notebooks.

I write information about my homework assignments in my notebook, including when the teacher told us to hand them in.

Writing Resolutions

In... Continue reading "Study Skills and Language Techniques" »

Understanding Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

Crawling and Indexing

Web crawlers, also known as bots, robots, or spiders, are software programs designed to follow links, gather information, and send it back to search engines for indexing. This process allows search engines to understand the content and structure of websites.

Evolution of Google Search Algorithms

Over the years, Google has implemented various algorithm updates to improve search results and combat spam. Some notable updates include:

• Google Dance (2002): Click-through rates started influencing search rankings.
• Austin (2004): Targeted websites with keyword stuffing.
• Google Suggest (2008) & Google Instant (2010): Introduced predictive search based on search history.
• Hummingbird (2013)

Barriers

Women fight for the elimination of discriminatory barriers.

Open Borders

Couldn't there be open borders for people?

Developing Industries

Tourism will remain one of the world's fastest developing industries.

Tariffs

The tariffs will be eliminated over a maximum period of 12 years.

Strategic Industries

Support for strategic industries comes from the government.

Restrictions

There are no restrictions on participation in the draw.

Quotas

Fishermen have to respect fishing quotas.

Laissez-Faire

Free trade is not the same as laissez-faire.

Liberalise

There is a need to liberalise access to markets.

Customs

I went through customs without any problem.

Deregulation

The crisis demonstrates the problems of deregulation and globalization.

Subsidise

The money should... Continue reading "Essential Business and Economic Terminology Explained" »

Property Tax and Assessment Calculations

A home has an assessed value of $430,000.

Calculating Portioned Assessment

Calculate the total portioned assessment for the property if the portioned percentage is 45%:

• $430,000 × 0.45 = $193,500

Municipal and Education Tax

The mill rate for the Municipal tax is 24 mills on the portioned assessment:

• $193,500 × (24 / 1,000) = $4,644

In addition to the Municipal tax, there is an Education tax of $3,870 and a provincial tax credit of $700. The total tax calculation is:

• $4,644 + $3,870 - $700 = $7,814

Calculating Gross Debt Service Ratio (GDSR)

George is considering purchasing a home. He earns a gross income of $44,400 annually. His monthly costs include:

• Heating: $140
• Property Taxes: $200
• Mortgage Payment: $940

To calculate... Continue reading "Practical Math Problems for Finance and Geometry" »