Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Error muestral

Error muestral: forma de expresar la falta de congruencia entre la muestra y la población.

Es la diferencia entre las características de la muestra y las características de la población de la cual se seleccionó la muestra.

Cuanto mayor es la muestra, menor es el error de muestreo, ya que aproxima su tamaño al tamaño de la población y es más representativa.

Cuanto mayor sea el error de muestreo, menos generalizable es a la población.

¿Cómo minimizamos el error muestral?

• Se aumenta el tamaño de la muestra hasta donde sea posible y razonable.
• La cantidad de variabilidad o la dispersión de estos valores nos da una idea de la magnitud del error de muestreo.
• Cuanto mayor es la diversidad de los valores de las muestras, mayor

Cuestionario de Examen de Farmacología

47. Benzodiazepina de vida media larga: c) Diazepam.
48. Las benzodiazepinas pueden usarse como: e) Miorrelajantes y ansiolíticos.
49. Indique cuál de los siguientes fármacos NO es un analgésico opioide: d) Naltrexona.
50. En relación al tramadol, es cierto que: c) Inhibe la recaptación de noradrenalina y serotonina.
51. En relación a los AINE, NO es cierto que: b) Se desarrolla dependencia física tras su uso crónico.
52. Indique cuál de los siguientes no es un AINE: c) Naproxeno (revisar formulación de pregunta).
53. Se consideran efectos adversos de los glucocorticoides: b) Osteoporosis.
54. Un paciente tratado por hipertensión arterial consulta por mareos, hipotensión y bradicardia, ¿cuál puede estar tomando?: a) Atenolol.

Monteskje

Monteskjea treba posmatrati kao sljedbenika klasične antičke filozofije, koja polazi od toga da je čovjek društveno biće te da mu je osjećaj za moral urođen. Prema njegovom učenju, čovjekom upravlja nekoliko činilaca: klima, religija, zakoni i primjeri stvari koje su prošle.

Njegovo najznačajnije djelo je O duhu zakona. U tom djelu on nastoji pružiti prikaz poredbenog prava, navodeći mnoštvo različitih zakona i pravnih običaja iz raznih zemalja. Ujedno je to djelo posvećeno pravnoj historiji, pri čemu se posebno osvrće na rimsko pravo te na razvoj francuskih pravnih ustanova.

Proučava državne oblike koje razmatra kao idealtipove. To su republike, monarhije i despocije. U današnje vrijeme ovakvo mišljenje se karakteriše... Continue reading "Monteskje i pravna antropologija: pregled ključnih ideja" »

Core Learning Strategies

Cognitive Strategies

Cognitive strategies involve perceiving patterns, reviewing (memory), problem solving, and concentrating.

Socio-Affective Strategies

Socio-affective strategies include adapting to new ideas, embracing difference, persevering, taking risks, working with others (in pairs or groups), being aware of others' needs, and being open to new ideas.

Meta-Cognitive Strategies

Meta-cognitive strategies consist of knowing about knowing, being in control of your own learning, learning how to learn effectively, and knowing how and when to apply your knowledge.

Effective Methods for Teaching Children

Grammar and Instruction

• Don’t explain grammar using terms like “present continuous.”
• Certain more difficult concepts

Core Concepts of Motivation in Learning

Key Theories of Motivation

Behavioral Definitions

Motivation is defined as “the anticipation of reinforcement.” Human beings pursue a goal because they perceive a reward for doing so. This reward serves to reinforce behavior, causing it to persist.

Drive Theory

Those who view human drives as fundamental to behavior claim that motivation stems from basic innate drives. Innate predispositions such as exploration, manipulation, activity, stimulation, knowledge, and ego enhancement act to probe the unknown, control our environment, be physically active, be receptive to mental, emotional, or physical stimulation, and build our self-esteem.

Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Maslow)

Motivation progresses from the satisfaction... Continue reading "Psychological Theories of Motivation and Effective Child Pedagogy" »

Prototypical Cases of Ironic Interpretation

The following principles describe the relationship between utterance processing, contextual information, and the identification of ironic intent:

1. Uttering an ironic utterance is not a condition for the hearer to access information from different contextual sources and infer the ironic intention. The hearer can infer intention even before the utterance has been spoken.
2. Complete processing of the utterance is not a condition for accessing the ironic interpretation. Sometimes, the ironic interpretation is obtained even before the utterance has been processed completely (i.e., before all the words have been identified).
3. It is not always necessary to process completely the explicit information contained in

Common Types of Figurative Language

Figurative language allows speakers and writers to communicate meanings that differ in various ways from what they literally say. People speak figuratively for reasons of politeness, to avoid responsibility for the import of what is communicated, to express ideas that are difficult to communicate using literal language, and to express thoughts in a compact and vivid manner.

Figurative means that words are used in a way that is different from the usual meaning. That way, the description is more interesting or impressive. Figurative language creates a picture in your mind.

For example: "He is about to explode!"

We do not mean to say that the man will actually explode. We only want to say that he is extremely angry.... Continue reading "Common Types of Figurative Language and Their Meanings" »

Essential Medical Terminology and Patient Interview Phrases

Common Medical Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abdo.

Abdomen

a.c.

Before meals

AJ

Ankle Jerk

a.m.

Morning

AP

Antero-Posterior

AS

Alimentary System

A&W

Alive and Well

BB

Bed Bath

b.d./b.i.d.

Twice a day

BI

Bone Injury

BID

Brought In Dead

BM

Bowel Movement

BP

Blood Pressure

BS

Bowel Sounds

CAD

Coronary Artery Disease

CCF

Congestive Cardiac Failure

Chr. CF

Chronic Cardiac Failure

CNS

Central Nervous System

C/o

Complains of

Creps

Crepitations

CT

Cerebral Tumor; Coronary Thrombosis

CV

Cardiovascular

CVS

Cardiovascular System; Cerebrovascular System

D

Divorced

ECG/EKG

Electrocardiogram

EEG

Electroencephalogram

ENT

Ear, Nose, Throat

F

Female

FUO

Fever of Unknown Origin

GC

General Condition

GIS

Gastro-Intestinal System

GP

General Practitioner

GUS

Genito-Urinary

Cognitive Principles in Learning

Cognitive principles relate to mental and intellectual functions, influencing how we learn and process information.

Automaticity: Developing Fluent Skills

Automaticity is the ability to perform tasks without conscious thought, allowing actions to become automatic response patterns or habits. It typically results from learning, repetition, and practice.

• Overcome the propensity to pay too much focal attention to the bits and pieces of language; move language forms quickly to the periphery by using language in authentic contexts for meaningful purposes.
• Grammatical explanations or exercises dealing with usage have a place in the adult classroom, but avoid overwhelming students with excessive grammar.
• If learning processes

The Spanish Political System

What is a constitution?

The constitution is the fundamental law that controls the Spanish government.

What are the powers of the state?

The powers of the state are divided into three branches:

• Legislative Branch: Makes the laws.
• Executive Branch: Enforces the laws.
• Judicial Branch: Interprets laws and judges those who violate them.

What is the political system of Spain?

Spain has a monarch (a king or queen) who is the head of state. The monarch's role is mainly ceremonial, but they also represent the country internationally.

The Cold War and Global Conflicts

What was the Cold War and when did it end?

The Cold War was an ideological confrontation from 1945 until the dissolution of the USSR. The United States led the Western... Continue reading "Spain's Government, Cold War History & Global Agencies" »