Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Primary education

Describe various approaches to job design

Job design focuses on determining what tasks will be grouped together to form employee jobs. There are four general approaches to grouping work tasks: mechanistic, motivational, perceptual, and biological.

1. Mechanistic Approach:
   • Job design is viewed from the perspective of creating an efficient machine that transforms labor inputs into goods and services.
   • Industrial engineers often use analyses designed to find the work methods that take the least time, such as Time and Motion studies.
2. Motivational Approach:
   • The motivational approach is aimed at increasing employees' enjoyment of their work and thus increasing their effort.
   • Jobs are designed not simply to get work done as quickly as possible, but also to provide

Primo de Rivera

In 1923 another pronunciamiento took place: General Miguel Primo de Rivera came to power with the consent of the king. Public disorder was rampant, and the system wasn't working. Primo de Rivera had been in Catalonia as Captain General. They thought he could bring calm and peace.

Primo de Rivera wanted to regenerate the system and later he would give the power back again. It did not work. He stayed for longer than promised and became unpopular. He tried to start a political party, the Unión Patriótica.

His dictatorship can be divided into two periods: Military Directory (1923-1925) and Civil Directory (1925-1930). He had great success at the beginning. Along with the French, the Spanish Army defeated the Moroccan rebel Abd-el-... Continue reading "The Second Spanish Republic: From Dictatorship to Civil War" »

PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY OFFENSES:

Designed to protect the general public by dealing with behavior that is not necessarily morally wrong but nonetheless affects the peace and safety of the community.

BREACH OF PEACE

At C/L any voluntary action that disturbed a community’s peace without lawful justification or excuse was considered a crime.

UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY

• ROUT – NJ 2C:33-1b unlawful assembly
• RIOT – NJ 2C:33-1 unlawful assembly
• DISORDERLY CONDUCT – not a crime at C/L .341

N.J.S.A. 2C:33-2, which proscribes disorderly conduct, provides:

• Improper behavior. A person is guilty of a petty disorderly persons offense, if with purpose to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating risk thereof he
• Engages in fighting or threatening,

Principles in Women's Nursing

Key principles in nursing women include:

• Health-centered care
• Family-centered care
• Emphasis on counseling and guidance
• Multiprofessional support
• Supporting women's decision-making
• Autonomy
• Support for self-care
• Protection of privacy and sexuality

Nursing Process in Women's Health

Special characteristics of patients include:

• Patients of different ages
• Surgical, research, infectious, radiotherapy, cytotoxic considerations
• TOP (Termination of Pregnancy), miscarriage
• Prenatal care

Process Steps

The nursing process involves:

1. Need for care
2. Needs assessment
3. Planning for nursing care
4. Implementation of nursing care plan
5. Assessment of nursing care

Nursing Assessment

Nursing assessment is conducted individually through interview, observation, and... Continue reading "Women's Health Nursing: Principles, Process, and Assessment" »

Present Perfect

The Person

Definition

An entity with the capacity to have rights and obligations.

Individual Person (Natural Person)

• Start: Birth
• Extinction: Death
• Capacity:
  • Full (to have rights and obligations)
  • In action (capacity to enter into contracts on one's own)

Group of Persons (Legal Entities)

A group of different people joined together with a common purpose. There are two types of collective entities:

Associations of Public Interests:

Cannot divide profits among its members.

• Foundations: The aim cannot change.
• Associations: The aim can change.
• Corporations: Created by public authority, do not have shareholders, and have to provide an efficient public service.

Private Legal Entities:

Profit can be divided. These are commercial and civil legal entities.

• Start: Constitutional

7. Gruber 7.4

People in my neighborhood pay annual dues to a neighborhood association. This association refunds neighborhood dues to selected homeowners who do a particularly nice job in beautifying their yards.

a. Why might the neighborhood association provide this refund?

If the neighborhood association provides a refund to homeowners who do a nice job beautifying their yards, they are providing an incentive for other neighbors to beautify their own yards and a subsidy to make the neighborhood beautiful. By providing more of this good, they provide with a positive external social benefit for the whole neighborhood.

The neighborhood association collects annual dues with the purpose to provide external social benefit. If the neighborhood looks