Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Primary education

MapReduce is a computing paradigm for processing data that resides on hundreds of computers, which has been popularized recently by Google, Hadoop, and many others. The paradigm is extraordinarily powerful, but it does not provide a general solution to what many are calling “big data,” so while it works particularly well on some problems, some are more challenging. This book will teach you what problems are amenable to the MapReduce paradigm, as well as how to use it effectively. At first glance, many people do not realize that MapReduce is more of a framework than a tool. You have to fit your solution into the framework of map and reduce, which in some situations might be challenging. MapReduce is not a feature, but rather a constraint.... Continue reading "Understanding MapReduce Design Patterns" »

A code in which each alphanumeric character is represented as a number from 0 to 127, translated into a 7-bit binary code for the computer. Binary

Assembly language: A programming language that is once removed from a computer's machine language. Machine languages consist entirely of numbers.

Availability:

A measure of how easy or difficult it is to obtain a piece of hardware or a computer application

Backbone:

High-speed lines or connections that form the major access pathways within the Internet.

Bandwidth:

The capacity of a networked connection

Banner:

The title of a printed document which identifies it.

Batch processing:

System of processing data in groups at the same time without requiring instructions from the users

Baud:

The unit for measuring the... Continue reading "ASCII Code: American Standard Code for Information Interchange" »

Electrolysis of Molten Sodium Chloride

Example: Molten sodium chloride:

• Cathode: 2H⁺(aq) + 2e^- → H₂(g) (hydrogen bubbles off)
• Anode: 2Cl^- → Cl₂(g) + 2e^- (chlorine gas produced)

Electrolysis of Aqueous Sodium Chloride

Aqueous solution of sodium chloride:

• At the cathode: Na⁺ and H⁺(aq) are present. H⁺(aq) is discharged because hydrogen is below sodium in the reactivity series. 2H⁺(aq) + 2e^- → H₂(g)
• At the anode: OH^- and Cl^- are present. Cl^- is discharged because it is in high concentration. 2Cl^-(aq) → Cl₂(g) + 2e^-

Positively charged ions move to the negative electrode during electrolysis. They receive electrons and are reduced.

Negatively charged ions move to the positive electrode during electrolysis. They lose electrons and are oxidized.

Brine

(Metal) Cutting - Controlled separation of a material – to make something! Creates two new surfaces. – Not splitting like wood or slate – can't put the surfaces back together. What about floppy slices? Cucumber? Lots of plastic deformation. Relatively low forces, but very high stresses (force applied over tiny areas)

Positive = Could be independent of the wedge and clearance angle
Negative = Not independent of the wedge and clearance angle

Cutting edge: to separate a chip from the parent work material
Rake face: direct the flow of newly formed chips.
Rake angle: it is measured relative to a plane perpendicular to the work surface.
Relief angle: the flank of the tool provides a clearance between the tool and the newly generated work surface.... Continue reading "Metal Cutting: Controlled Separation and Chip Formation" »

A News Report: Stormy Day in Villahermosa

On July 4th, 2015, my friend and I were in a park when suddenly the wind surprised us. We were on our way to a party at Voladero disco when the wind broke a large tree branch and some bottles. The local police in Villahermosa arrived to assess the damages.

However, my friends and I went to our houses with some dust on our clothes. Later, my friend Rosa and I went to the pub in the square, and after a while, more people started to arrive. People were a little scared at first, but as time passed, they calmed down.

In conclusion, the party ended at the same time that the storm finished.

Informal Email to Anna

Hi Anna,

It's been a long time since we've seen or spoken to each other. I hope you are doing well in... Continue reading "A Stormy Day in Villahermosa and Other Stories" »

A Letter of Disappointment

Regarding "Young People Are Lazy and Impolite"

Dear Editor,

I was disappointed to read your article on the 9th of February, "Young People Are Lazy and Impolite". I'm tired of reading false stories that all young people are uncaring, lazy, or impolite when this is not true.

I am a person who studies and works at the same time. I also care about my family and friends. I consider myself a responsible girl. Moreover, in my free time, I like to have fun and go out with my friends.

Furthermore, all of my friends study or work, and they are concerned about their future.

In summary, not all young people are lazy and rude. What's happening is that people classify all young people without knowing them personally.

Yours faithfully,... Continue reading "Letters to the Editor: A Compilation" »

Living Alone: The Glittering Truth

The Allure of Independence

As young adults, we crave independence. We long to break free from our parents' control and rules, often believing that living alone is the key to achieving true autonomy. We envision a "perfect lifestyle" filled with freedom and rights. However, this independence comes with its own set of responsibilities and challenges.

The Price of Freedom

When living alone, it's easy to neglect chores and embrace disorganization. After all, there's no one to complain about the mess. However, the need to clean and organize eventually arises, reminding us that freedom doesn't exempt us from responsibility.

While we relish the freedom to choose our meals, we also become responsible for grocery shopping... Continue reading "The Impact of Electricity: A World Powered by Innovation" »

British Modernism

A Literary Response to Disillusionment and Lost Community

Modernism emerged from a profound sense of disillusionment and the loss of community and civilization. The horrors of World War I shattered faith in established institutions and traditional values, leaving individuals feeling alienated and questioning the meaning of life.

Modernist writers explored themes of pessimism, psychological turmoil, and the search for meaning in a world that seemed fragmented and uncertain. They challenged conventional literary forms and experimented with new techniques to reflect the complexities of the human experience.

Key Characteristics of Modernist Writing:

• Character: Modernist literature moved away from clearly defined characters, instead

Satire

Satire refers to any writing, in poetry or prose, with the purpose to ridicule, censure (criticize unfavorably), and correct the vices, follies, stupidities, and corruptions of society that threaten good moral order and literary discipline. The best and most representative works are found in those written by Pope and Swift, two masters of satire. Some satire is meant to make us laugh at human foolishness and weaknesses; some satire is meant to make us angry about human vices and crimes. Satire can be aimed at humanity in general, stereotyped groups, or a particular person.

Techniques of Satire

There are some common techniques used in satire:

• Exaggeration: To enlarge, increase, or represent something beyond normal bounds so that it becomes