Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Primary education

Incoterms: FAS, FOB, CIP, and CPT

What kind of cargo is used for FAS? Why?

Containers are used for FAS because the goods are carried on board a ship.

Which are the two possible cases of delivery for FCA?

• When the goods have been loaded on the transport designated by the buyer or by a person acting on its behalf.
• When the goods are made available to the seller's carrier transport, without being discharged.

Allocation of Costs and Risk for FAS and FOB

The seller is required to deliver the goods alongside the actual ship on the pier. From that point forward, the buyer bears all costs (loading cost, freight, insurance) and risks. Under FAS terms, the buyer is required to clear the goods for export and pay the cost of loading the goods.

Why is it so important

Remedies for Breach of Contract

Rescission of the Contract

Suit for Damages

Free Consent

Free Consent, as defined in Section 13, occurs when "two or more persons agree upon the same thing and in the same sense."

For example, if A agrees to sell his car to B, but A intends to sell his Maruti while B believes he is buying A's Honda, there is no consent because they haven't agreed on the same thing in the same sense. Consequently, there is no contract.

Section 14 states that consent is considered free when it is not caused or affected by the following:

• Coercion
• Undue Influence
• Fraud
• Misrepresentation
• Mistake

Coercion (Section 15)

Coercion involves using force or threats to compel a person to enter into a contract. The consent obtained under coercion is not free.

Undue Influence (Section 16)

Undue influence occurs when one party,... Continue reading "Understanding Free Consent and Contract Discharge" »

Legal Rules as to Valid Offer

Essential Elements

1. Communication: Offer must be communicated to the offeree.
2. Certainty: The offer must be certain, definite, unambiguous, and not vague.
3. Legal Relation: The offer must be capable of creating a legal relation.
4. Expression: Offer may be express or implied.
5. Completeness: Communication of the complete offer is necessary.
6. Counter Offer: A counter-offer amounts to a rejection of the original offer.
7. Cross Offer: Cross offers do not conclude a contract.
8. Acceptance Burden: An offer must not thrust the burden of acceptance on the offeree.
9. Invitation to Offer: Offer must be distinguished from an invitation to offer.
10. Intention: The offeror should have the intention to obtain the consent of the offeree.
11. Specificity: Offer

Fundamentals of HVAC Duct Systems

• Pressure Measurement: Duct system pressure is measured in inches of water column (in. WC).
• Blower Function: The blower creates pressure to force air through the duct system, conditioning equipment, and into the room.
• Atmospheric Pressure: Standard atmospheric pressure is 14.696 psi.
• Manometer Usage: A manometer measures air velocity pressure in a duct.
• Airflow Measurement Tools: Anemometers or velometers are commonly used to measure airflow in air distribution systems.
• Airflow Check: Airflow can be checked by feeling it 2-3 feet from a register.
• Forced-Air vs. Natural-Draft: Forced-air systems use a blower, unlike natural-draft systems.
• Duct Pressure Components: Duct pressure equals velocity pressure plus static pressure.

Medical Terminology

Common Terms and Their Equivalents

• Up to: Until
• Children: Infants
• In relation to: Relative to
• Scarce: Not enough, insufficient
• Outcomes: Results, findings
• Score: Grades
• Result did not differ: There were not different outcomes
• Ethnicity: Ethnic group
• Requirements: Needs
• Effects: Consequences
• Early life: Babies, previous life
• Study: Investigation, research, test
• Examine: Monitor, check
• Type: Categories
• Applied: Incorporated, measured
• Modeled: Designed
• Information: Data
• Gestational age: Pregnancy
• Feature: Characteristics
• Disturbance: Disorder
• Behavior: Conduct
• Restricted: Limited
• Display: Show
• Restraint: Restricted
• Weight gain: Weight increase
• Model of overweight: Pattern of overweight
• Concern: Worried
• Food addiction: Food dependence
• Findings: Results
• In

Examine=monitor, verify, control

Overall=total

Controversial=polemical, contradictory

Unclear=confusing

Assessment=evaluation

Crucial=important, main, essential, vital

Management=administration

Older=senior Ageing=elder

Daily=habitual, everyday

Expenditure=consumption, intake

Actual=real

Actually=really, indeed

At present=currently, today

Provide=supply, give

Whether=if

Encourage=stimulate, incentivize

Portion=serving, piece of...

Develop=grow

Development=growth

Prohibit=ban, forbid

Research=investigation

Researcher=investigator

Thus=in this way

Focus=center

Increasing=rising

In the week=following days

Prohibited=banned

Encouraged=incentivized

Diary=routine

Rise=increase

Result=consequence

Burden=weight

Present=current

Unclear=confusing

Frequency=... Continue reading "Improve Your Vocabulary with Synonyms and Definitions" »

Systematic Sampling: Type of Probability Sampling Method

In systematic sampling, sample members from a larger population are selected according to a random starting point but with a fixed, periodic interval. The sampling interval, calculated by dividing the population size by the desired sample size, determines the selection.

Oversampling: Techniques to Adjust Class Distribution

Oversampling is a data analysis technique used to adjust the class distribution of a data set, ensuring a balanced representation of different classes/categories.

P Value: Probability of Obtaining Extreme Test Results

The p value represents the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results during the test, assuming the null hypothesis... Continue reading "Understanding Systematic Sampling and Statistical Significance" »