Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Safeguards for a New Order

Finally, in our progress toward a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order; there must be strict supervision of all banking, credits, and investments; there must be an end to speculation with other people’s money, and there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.

Immediately after his election, Roosevelt began to formulate policies to bring about relief from the economic hardships the American people were experiencing. These programs became known as the New Deal, a reference taken from a campaign speech in which he promised a "new deal for the American people." The New Deal focused on three general goals:

• Relief for the needy
• Economic recovery
• Financial

Phospholipid molecules form a bilayer - phospholipids are fluid and move laterally

Peripheral proteins are bound to either the inner or outer surface of the membrane

Integral proteins - permeate the surface of the membrane

The membrane is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins

Proteins can move laterally along membrane

Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, and is the result of the random motion of particles.

Facilitated diffusion is similar to simple diffusion, except that it requires channel proteins or carrier proteins, which are specific to the molecules being transported across the plasma membrane from high concentration to low concentration.

Osmosis is the passive movement... Continue reading "Cell Membrane Structure and Function" »

Technology's Impact on Society

A Transformative Era

We live in an era defined by technology. Its presence is undeniable, permeating every aspect of our lives, from hospitals and supermarkets to universities. Recent years have witnessed a surge of innovation, dramatically reshaping our world. But how have public perceptions of technology evolved over time?

A Look Back

Fifty years ago, our grandparents navigated daily life without the technological conveniences we take for granted. Household chores and jobs were often performed manually. Imagine housewives lighting fires for cooking or using coal-powered irons. Many jobs lacked computers or other technological aids that simplify tasks today.

Advantages of Technological Advancements

Technological... Continue reading "Technological Advancements: Shaping the Future and Transforming Lives" »

Education: Past and Present

We live in an age where education has become a really important aspect of society. From a young age, everyone tries to teach us the best education and the best morals. Therefore, our parents are continuously searching for the best method to teach us what things we must or must not do in each situation. But is current education better than the old form of education, as nowadays teachers demand a lot of things from children?

A Look Back at Education Twenty Years Ago

Let us take a look at twenty years ago, when school and high school were completely different from the current school. The students saw the teachers as the most important figures in school, and they had great respect for them. But in reality, the teachers... Continue reading "Comparing Education: Past and Present Methods" »

Low-Shrinkage Crude Oil Properties

This crude oil type is characterized by quality lines that are closely spaced near the dewpoint curve in its phase diagram. The other associated properties of low-shrinkage crude oil include:

• Oil Formation Volume Factor: Less than 1.2 bbl/STB
• Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR): Less than 200 scf/STB
• Oil Gravity: Less than 35° API
• Color: Black or deeply colored

Volatile Crude Oil Characteristics

Volatile crude oil exhibits quality lines that are close together near the bubblepoint and become more widely spaced at lower pressures. This crude oil type is commonly characterized by a high liquid shrinkage immediately below the bubblepoint, as illustrated in Figure 1-7.

Other characteristic properties of volatile crude oil include:

• Oil

Letters to Magazines or Newspapers

Film Review
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to complain about your review of the film Happy Ever After. I believe it gave the wrong impression, and I’d like to provide readers with an alternative opinion. Firstly, there were several errors in the review. For example, it said the main character was a teenager, whereas she was actually in her twenties. More importantly, however, the review suggested that this was a silly film that only very young people would like. In fact, my friends and I, who are in our late teens, really enjoyed it. To sum up, I would tell your readers not to be put off by your review. This is an entertaining film – watch it and decide for yourself. Yours faithfully, (117)

Emails
Opinion on

Globalization

Markets and companies tend to spread around the world, reaching a dimension that overtakes the national borders, and that is globalization. It is achieved through the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge, and culture. Due to technology and its advances, communications, science, transports, and industry, globalization has grown faster in the last few years.

According to the World Bank, it is important to know that economic globalization is not a new tendency, but it has always existed in the history of humanity. In fact, what we currently know as developed countries was formed at the end of the nineteenth century.

According to the World Bank, the international economic integration pace sped up in the 80s and 90s decades,... Continue reading "Understanding Globalization: Impact, History, and Future" »

Understanding Lateral Sounds

A lateral sound is an L-like consonant in which the airstream proceeds along the sides of the tongue but is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth. Most commonly, the tip of the tongue makes contact with the upper teeth or the alveolar ridge just behind the teeth.

Exploring Approximant Sounds

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other, but not with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow. This class of sounds includes:

• Lateral approximants like [l] (as in less)
• Non-lateral approximants like [ɹ] (as in rest)
• Semivowels like [j] and [w] (as in yes and west, respectively)

Defining Nasal Consonants and Their Production

Nasals are occlusive... Continue reading "English Speech Sounds: Consonant & Vowel Classification" »

Vowels and Consonants

A vowel is a sound produced without any closure in the mouth or throat. There's no obstruction in the buccal cavity. A consonant, conversely, involves at least one stoppage of airflow during vocalization.

Places of Articulation

The place of articulation describes where the obstruction occurs in the vocal tract. It's the point of contact between an active articulator (usually part of the tongue) and a passive articulator (typically part of the roof of the mouth).

• Bilabial: Both lips.
• Labio-dental: Upper lip and upper front teeth.
• Dental: Tongue tip/blade and upper front teeth.
• Alveolar: Tongue tip/blade and alveolar ridge.
• Post-alveolar: Tongue blade and back of the alveolar ridge.
• Palatal: Tongue front and hard palate.
• Velar: Tongue