Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Physical Education

Flexibility Factors

Mechanical Factors

• Joint, Muscle, and Ligament Flexibility: Determined by the number of planes of motion (1, 2, or 3).

Emotional Factors

• Nervous System: Individual nervous state influences muscle tone and flexibility.
• Calmness: A relaxed state promotes optimal muscle tone and flexibility.

Environmental and Lifestyle Factors

• Temperature: Inhabitants of warmer climates often exhibit greater flexibility compared to those in colder regions.
• Age: Flexibility generally decreases with age.
• Social Customs: Lifestyle and cultural habits affect the degree of flexibility in specific body regions.

Types of Flexibility

Classification by Fleischmann

• Static: The degree of flexibility achieved through slow, assisted movement.
• Dynamic: Involved in the

1 Powers of the Principality of Asturias

a) Administration of Asturian Sports

The exercise of powers in the field of sport is recognized by the Autonomous Communities under the Statute of Autonomy (Part I: The Powers of the Principality of Asturias, Article 10.1). The Principality of Asturias has exclusive jurisdiction in matters detailed below:

23. Sport and Recreation.

b) The Governing Council

As the governing body of the sports administration of the Principality of Asturias, the Governing Council has the following powers:

• Set the general guidelines for planning and implementation of the sports policy of Asturias.
• Develop cooperation with the State Administration and Local Government.
• Approve construction plans and improvements of sports facilities

Breaststroke Technique

Arms: The recovery occurs underwater, keeping the body as streamlined as possible by bringing the hands close together under the chest. The traction phase provides the primary propulsion.

Legs: The feet utilize external rotation and dorsal flexion. The movement is circular, moving from outside to inside, transitioning from full extension to a 'W' shape.

Crawl Turn Mechanics

Approach: Contact the wall with one hand, perform a quarter turn, and inhale. The propulsion phase follows immediately.

Butterfly Turn Technique

Approach: Contact the wall with two hands, perform a quarter turn, and inhale. The underwater displacement involves a full stroke plus a half-stroke to prepare for the next breath.

Backstroke Fundamentals

Overview:

Methods are systems of actions or sets of activities performed by the teacher and their students. These are planned and organized by the teacher to enable student learning; it is the way to an end.

Methodological Models

Key models include: traditional, scientific systematization, socialization, individualization, current personalization trends, technological models, integrative models, and circular models.

Importance of the Justified Method

The method should be chosen to serve an educational project. It is important to note that a pure method is rarely given in practice.

Key Characteristics (CCT)

• Accommodate psychological and sociological characteristics and the learning pace of students.
• Alignment with the structure of science and the social environment.

Adaptations Produced by Exercise

Adaptations, or supercompensations, represent the changes occurring within the systems of the human body.

Physiological Level

Effects of Resistance Training

• Increase in size and capacity of the heart.
• Increased circulation levels.
• Increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin.
• Increase in the amount of myoglobin in muscle.
• Promotes venous return.
• Increase in the number of mitochondria in muscle.

All these factors increase the capacity for oxygen transport and delivery to the muscles, allowing the individual to fatigue less and recover faster.

• Decrease in heart rate (HR) at baseline, resting HR, and HR during effort.
• Increase in inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength.
• Pulmonary alveoli stretch more, increasing the surrounding