Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Physical Education

Triple-Threat Position

In the triple-threat position, the player is placed in an attack stance: feet apart in line with the shoulders, shooting hand forward, knees half-bent, body leaning forward, head up to maintain court vision; the ball is held between the waist and chest.

Shooting Fundamentals

Features of a Good Shot

• Softness: The ball is not launched at high speed to facilitate accuracy and prevent it from bouncing too far from the rim.
• Backspin: The ball has a backspin produced by the fingers.
• Trajectory: The ball's trajectory should be a parabola of average height.

Types of Shots

Layup (Tray Shot)

The layup is executed with the hand farthest from the defender. If near the rim, the palm faces up; if further away, it faces down to provide greater... Continue reading "Essential Basketball Techniques and Player Roles" »

Scientific training is a physical system that involves the use of planned efforts and counterforce, destined to generate adaptations to resolve movement problems, collaborating with maintaining the best possible quality of life.

Organic Adaptation Mechanisms

1. Adaptation: It is the progressive morphological and functional changes occurring in our agency as a result of training to meet the demands of physical performance. The nature of the adaptation depends on the characteristics of the load, which leads us to distinguish between general training and specific training.
2. Overcompensation: The responses of the human body to physical exertion generate an adaptation of all systems, so that after the recovery effort, the body prepares to overcome a

Toddler Appearance vs. Newborn Appearance

A two-year-old is very different from a newborn baby, as the biological changes that occur in the first two years of a child's life are fast and spectacular. A newborn is about 51cm and weighs less than 4 kg. At two years, most children weigh over 13 kg and measure between 81 and 91cm, with boys generally having greater weight and height than girls. Moreover, the newborn is disproportionate, with a large head (one-quarter of body length). At two years, this proportion changes significantly.

Brain Maturation Indicators in Child Development

The maturation of the brain is responsible for increasing the regularization of sleep and wake rhythms in the child. It also drives changes in the child's ability to... Continue reading "Toddler vs. Newborn: Physical and Neurological Growth" »

Early Experiences

Early experiences, given the principle of life from the moment of fertilization, are very crucial for the organism because they occur when it is still undifferentiated. They are in critical periods of development of the individual.

• Pre-associative acquisition responses: Phenomena are habitualization, awareness, pseudo-knowledge, and inhibition.

The Learned

Almost all human behavior is learned. Man is learning all his life. It is said that a behavior is learned as a result of practice or experience and appears in the repertoire of behaviors in a more or less stable manner.

Learning is the acquisition or modification of behavior as a result of experience. The most important part of learning theory is the theory of information processing.... Continue reading "Understanding Early Experiences and Motor Learning" »

Physiological Rhythms and Mood

Physiological rhythm is the propagation of energy throughout the body, produced by the chain, succession, and differentiation of muscular work. A lively rhythm is rooted in our inner psychic and psychosomatic characteristics, but also depends on situational and environmental factors. External rhythms can organize the body in time and space simultaneously.

Types of Rhythm

• Monorhythm: maintains the same rhythmic structure.
• Polyrhythm: rhythmic variations in execution time. Facilitates the development of creativity.
• Arrhythmic: lacks a stable rhythmic structure; allows for further development of creativity and expressiveness.

Aerobics

Aerobics means "oxygen for life." First used by Pasteur (1875), the method was created... Continue reading "Physiological Rhythms, Aerobics, and Dance: A Holistic Approach to Movement and Well-being" »

Effective Basketball Defense Strategies

A. Single Defense

1) Defense Rated: Each defender is assigned to an attacker and only marks them.

It was not very efficient. Players were placed between the basket and the attacker.

B. Individual Defense Support

Every defender has to be aware of two references: the player with the ball and the player assigned to defend. The goal is to have more defenders than attackers in the vicinity of the ball (e.g., 5 defenders vs. 3 attackers).

Each attacker is linked by an imaginary line to the player with the ball (passing lane). The closer this line passes, the more pressure should be applied. Defenders are more buoyant when separated from the line.

C. Jump and Change (Unusual Defense)

One dribbling move. Attackers are... Continue reading "Effective Basketball Defense Strategies: Zones and Techniques" »

Understanding Human Movement

What Distinguishes Active Movement?

Active movements are voluntary actions produced by our internal forces (muscles) acting against an external force. They can be subdivided into:

• Free movement (no contest)
• Resisted movement (opposed by an external force)
• Helped movement (supported by an external force, such as a partner)
• Assisted-resisted movement (with both support and opposition)

Passive Movements

Passive movements are produced by an external force during muscular inactivity. This includes forced movement (something or someone causes the movement) or when voluntarily reducing internal forces to allow movement (movements produced by relaxation, such as when we lie down and relax our legs, and our feet fall out).

Systems

Physical Education Job

Physical Evidence in the 1st and 3rd Evaluation

Resistance

In the first evaluation, I achieved a mark of 8 periods, which was exceeded in the third assessment, reaching 10.5 periods. I believe this improvement is due to my increased physical activity during the course of this year. I usually ride a bike every afternoon I can, and I think that's one reason why I have increased my level of resistance. The test conducted to measure our endurance was a series of periods, which were measured by sounding beeps.

Abdominals

On this test, which involves performing as many sit-ups as possible in a minimal amount of time, I cannot say much because I don't even remember my mark on the first evaluation (17 abdominals). I do not show that... Continue reading "Physical Education: Tracking Performance Metrics" »

Qualities of Movement

The four factors that act on motion are: gravity, space, time, and flow.

Gravity

Any body is affected by gravity. It can, however, be used as an expressive element. There are two possibilities:

• In support of the gravitational force.
• Against it.

Space

The range of movement within the body also develops in space.

Movement Direction

• Direct: Movement in a single direction.
• Flexible or Indirect: Movement changing direction.

Movement Extension

• Constrained
• Large

Time

Every movement has a duration in time, as well as intensity, tone, and intention. There are two main types:

• Sustained movement: long, slow, continuous.
• Sudden or impulsive movement: short, fast.

These two modes connect the musical universe with the universe of body language.

Flow of

1. Flexibility

Flexibility is the physical quality that enables us to perform large-scale movements with any part of our body. It depends on:

• The ability to stretch the muscles
• The ability to move the joints

There are two types of flexibility:

• Dynamic: Exercises performed in motion. The movements should be broad and relaxed.
• Static: Maintaining a stretched position without movement. After taking the position, we should relax, breathe, and maintain that position for a moment.

2. Joints

Joints are connections between two bones that allow relative motion between them. They consist of:

• Articular surfaces of bones: Zones of contact between the bones forming the joint. They are covered with articular cartilage, which prevents chafing and allows slippage of