Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Physical Education

Muscle tension results from the contraction of muscle fibers. In the muscular system:

• Muscle fiber types: fast or slow, length, and thickness.
• Volume of fibers (muscle hypertrophy).
• Types of muscle contraction: concentric, isometric, and isotonic.

In the nervous system:

• Coordination of different muscles for movement: agonists, antagonists, and fixers.

Other factors:

• Muscle temperature, which can increase with a good warm-up.
• Training, form, or motivation.

Sorting: Force = Mass x Acceleration

Maximum Force:

The capacity to create maximum tension during muscle contraction. It is related to muscle mass or load.

Maximum Acceleration:

Minimal or no load, for example, when a weightlifter lifts weights in competition.

Explosive Strength:

The ability to overcome... Continue reading "Understanding Muscle Strength, Speed, and Flexibility" »

Flexibility Work Recommendations

To improve flexibility, it's essential to work on specific muscle groups and joints.

Effects of Flexibility on the Nervous System

Flexibility improves the quality and speed of stimuli, through which nerves reach the muscles to act.

Understanding Breathing

Breathing is the process by which gas exchange occurs, facilitating the oxygen necessary for sustaining life and the output of carbon dioxide. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's pH balance.

Controlling Breathing

Breathing can be controlled both physically and mentally. It is the only vital function that escapes the split between voluntary and involuntary control.

Phases of Respiration

• Expiration: Of great importance, since expelling the stale air

Introduction to Team Sports

Sporting Equipment

Sport is a motor situation characterized by action, driving, competition, regulation, and institutionalization. Sports are based on specific motor control where space and control are key elements.

Elements Common in Team Sports

• Basic Techniques and Motor Skills: Movement, release, reception, impact, driving.
• Specific Motor Skills: Tactics (individual and team), physical preparation, psychological preparation, and intelligent play.

Work Methodology in Team Sports

Definitions

• Learning: Acquiring knowledge or a skill.
• Learning Action: The process of learning an art or craft. It is essential to know what students already know and start with the basics.
• Teaching: A system and method of giving instruction.
• Methodology:

Depósito Hidráulico

Su misión es almacenar líquido hidráulico para asegurar el abastecimiento, permitir el bombeo y su retorno.

Componentes del Sistema Hidráulico

Fuente de Presión y Bombas

Bombas de caudal constante accionadas mecánicamente.

Regulador de Presión

Asegura una presión regulada para garantizar el funcionamiento del sistema.

Acumulador Principal

Su misión es proporcionar líquido hidráulico rápidamente donde hay demanda del circuito principal.

Válvula de Seguridad

Su misión es dar preferencia de alimentación a los órganos de seguridad vitales.

Función Válvula Seguridad (Pregunta 3)

Funciona para aislar los circuitos de suspensión trasero y delantero de la fuente de presión en caso de fallo. En caso de avería, la válvula... Continue reading "Componentes y Funcionamiento del Sistema Hidráulico Vehicular" »

Muscle Contractility and Mechanism

What is the unit of muscle contractility and how would you explain briefly the mechanism of muscle contraction?

The basic unit of muscle contraction is the sarcomere. It is composed of protein filaments: actin and myosin. Actin filaments are fixed in a longitudinal direction, while myosin filaments are free. During contraction, the length of the actin and myosin filaments does not change. Instead, the sarcomere shortens due to the sliding of the actin filaments over the myosin filaments towards the center of the sarcomere. This sliding is driven by the interaction between actin and myosin, which is regulated by calcium ions. Calcium is essential for muscle contraction.

Respiratory Physiology

Explain VO2 max and

Physical Condition

Physical condition refers to the body's capacity to respond to fitness exercises. It depends on factors such as:

• Genes
• Age
• Gender
• Training
• Health habits

Total Training

Total training involves a combination of continuous running, fartlek, and gymnastics, addressing all physical attributes. Characteristics include:

• Alternating continuous running with accelerations, decelerations, and gymnastic periods.
• Constant pace, with intensity variations.
• No breaks.
• Potential for oxygen debt.

Key Fitness Components

• Strength: The ability to lift or move heavy weights.
• Speed: The ability to cover a distance or perform a movement in the shortest possible time.
• Resistance: The ability to exercise for an extended period.
• Flexibility: The ability to move muscles

Extreme Sports: An Adrenaline Rush

Water Sports

• Rafting (by boat or downriver)
• Gorge putting

Land Sports

• Caving

Air Sports

• Bridge jumping
• Paragliding
• Hang gliding

Racing Guidance

Objective

Complete a set route faster than rivals using a map and compass.

Environment

Countryside

Materials

• Map
• Compass
• Information sheet

Map

A graphical representation of the terrain, showing distances between paths. Key indicators include scale (e.g., 1:20000 means 1cm on the map equals 20000cm in reality) and contour lines.

Compass

A navigational instrument with a magnetized needle pointing North. Align the needle's North with the map's North, then rotate the compass to match the desired bearing.

Information Sheet

Helps locate key points marked on the map.

Orientation Courses

Duration

As... Continue reading "Thrilling Adventures: Exploring Extreme Sports and Races" »

Features of Repair Benches

• Stiffness: Ability to withstand efforts.
• Versatility: Capacity for adaptation.
• Durability: Capacity to last.
• Adaptability: Ability to adjust to different tools or accessories.
• Simplicity: Simplicity of the bed.

Types of Repair Benches

• Mini-benches
• Folding benches
• Fixed benches with ground elevator
• Benches for trucks
• Benches for truck cabs

Diagnosing Vehicle Damage

After receiving the vehicle, a visual inspection will be performed to determine if the repair can be made on the repair bench. Check the symmetries of the front and back over the roof and sides, and the back and front. Monitor the underside of the vehicle chassis for damage. Check for play and mismatches between the doors, front and rear fenders, front doors and the... Continue reading "Vehicle Body Repair Bench Techniques" »

Soccer Field Dimensions

Pitch Length

• 90x120 meters

Pitch Width

• 45x90 meters

International Pitch Length

• 100x110 meters

International Pitch Width

• 64x75 meters

Goal Area

Extends with two lines perpendicular to the goal line, 5.5 meters from the inside of each goalpost.

Penalty Area

Extends with two lines perpendicular to the goal line, 16.5 meters from the inside of each post.

Goal Specifications

Goal Size

7.32 meters wide x 2.44 meters high.

Soccer Ball Regulations

Ball Material

Spherical, made of leather or other suitable material.

Circumference

Between 68 cm and 70 cm.

Weight

Between 410g and 450g.

Pressure

0.6-1.1 atmospheres at sea level.

Application of the Advantage Rule

The referee may allow play to continue if a foul occurs, considering:

• The severity of the infraction.

Spain vs Serbia EuroBasket 2007: A Crushing Defeat

Serbia's Resurgence: A Team Forged in Fire

Serbia, under the guidance of the veteran coach Ivkovic, has emerged as a dominant force in European basketball. Their victory over Spain, the overwhelming favorite, showcased their exceptional teamwork and individual talent. Players like Tepic, Tripkovic, and Velickovic are on the cusp of stardom, while Krstic's return from injury adds a formidable presence to their already potent lineup.

Serbia's traditional strengths were on full display: stifling defense, relentless intensity, and a seamless transition game. Their offensive firepower, led by Krstic's dominance in the paint (17 points, 6 rebounds), proved too much for the Spanish interior defense to... Continue reading "Spain vs Serbia EuroBasket 2007: Analysis and Recap" »