Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Physical Education

Joint Stability and Congruence

Stability and Congruence in Articular Joints:

• Passive Factors: Joint capsule, ligaments.
• Active Factors: Muscular system (monoarticular and biarticular muscles).

Normal Mobility

Spatial Position: Within physiological ranges.

• Active Motion: Performed by active contraction of the musculature itself.
• Functional Motion: Lower-level movements.

Physiological Limitations

• Biomechanical
• Pathological
• Systemic

These limitations result in an active, functional state of the patient.

Passive Mobility

Performed by the examiner.

Anatomical Limitations

• Articular Top
• Pathological Pain

The score depends on the type of patient and the structural state.

Goniometry

Goniometry is the measurement of joint ranges of motion, whether normal or pathological.... Continue reading "Joint Stability and Range of Motion Assessment" »

Systems Development of Resistance

Systems development or job training are methods that are based on adapting the body to certain stimuli that cause systematic changes in body systems.

Continuous Training Methods

The Continuous Run

This training method belongs to the continuous system (the work is without breaks). It is also called jogging or trotting.

The most important characteristics of this method are:

• Steady pace
• Pulsation in the area of activity
• Predominance of volume over intensity

Fartlek Training

Fartlek is a method which belongs to the continuous systems. It consists of a continuous run with changes of pace. Originally, it was performed in nature, and the rhythm changes were dictated by the terrain. Now, the changes of pace, intensity, and duration... Continue reading "Training Methods: Systems Development, Flying Disc, and Indiaca" »

WHO Definitions (1983)

For the WHO (1983), impairment is any loss or abnormality of structure or function, psychological, physiological, or anatomical; disability relates to the absence, due to impairments, of the ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being; and handicap refers to a disadvantage for an individual, a social consequence of impairment or disability that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role considered normal depending on age group, sex, social, and cultural factors.

For WHO, disability is the lack (resulting from an impairment) of the ability to perform an activity normally.

Disability Definition in Chile (Ley 19.284)

DISABILITY: According to Ley 19.284, a person is considered... Continue reading "Disability Definitions and Types" »

Design of the Intervention

The Program Contains a Plan, Project, and Activities

Plan a project with project activities, tasks.

What is Planning?

Previously organizing an activity.

What is a Plan?

An idea laid out.

What is Software?

Realization of a more concrete plan.

What is a Project?

A process that includes a series of concrete activities that lead to an end, in order to specify what you want and how involved you think it is.

What is an Activity?

A set of actions that lead to an end to meet a defined objective.

What is a Task?

Something to do in particular.

Which of these is the action of the technical center? To do the activities.

Methodology

The form or manner in which we develop intervention.

Timing

Time distribution to perform various activities and tasks.... Continue reading "Senior Stimulation: Techniques and Activities for Well-being" »

• Popular Catholicism set of beliefs and practices expressed on many systematization and cultural constructions

· Official Catholicism: centripetal force that centralizes, without achieving uniformity in jail, is monocultural and aims to review ethical and ritual. Hierarchy.
· Popular Catholicism: centrifugal force, diversifies the Christian, has a relative autonomy in their traditions, without losing its multicultural membership reference católica.Democrático
· Playing. Do something with joy and with the sole purpose of entertaining or fun
· Mesopotamia: The game is considered the oldest in the world is that of Ur, and is named after it was discovered in Ur, in 1926
· The Egyptians: They created one of the earliest games made known:... Continue reading "Traditional Games and Beliefs: A Cultural Journey" »

Intrinsic Regulation of Contraction

a) Relationship between length and tension

Muscle fiber (Frank-Starling Law) ownership of the heart to contract in proportion to its completeness (a more complete, higher volume of projection) to a level where more volume increases are not accompanied by spending.

Frank-Starling law: The higher the fill of the heart during diastole, the greater the force of contraction during systole. Therefore, tension increases as diastolic volume increases until it reaches a maximum, then it tends to decrease.

Speed Conduction in the Heart Muscle

Atrial and ventricular muscle fibers:

• 0.3 to 0.5 m/sec.
• 1/250 speed of large nerve fibers.
• 1/10 speed of skeletal muscle fibers.

Purkinje system: 4 m/sec.

The action potential can traverse... Continue reading "Cardiac Physiology: Contraction, Conduction, and Cycle" »

The Significance of the False Beard

The "beard," often resembling a long, small beard, was worn on the chin and secured behind the ears. Craftsmen and merchants also belonged to this group, with many employed in domestic service. Egyptians were renowned as skilled artisans.

The Role of Priests

In service to religion, priests held significant power, accumulating substantial wealth within their temples. They also owned a large portion of the country's land.

The Mummification Process

Bodies underwent an extensive process where their intestines were extracted and placed in vessels known as "canopic jars." The bodies were then coated in various substances and meticulously wrapped in bandages to preserve their lifelike appearance.

Embalming the Body

Initially,... Continue reading "Ancient Egyptian Mummification: Rituals and Process" »

Item 3: Resistance

Resistance is the ability that allows us to maintain physical effort for a prolonged duration and recover more quickly afterward.

In the Muscular System:

• Type of muscle fiber
• Energy deposits to obtain ATP
• Ability to remove lactic acid that accumulates after anaerobic work, preventing fatigue

In the Nervous System:

• Coordination of different muscles to execute movement

In the Circulatory System:

• Quantity of blood flow
• Capacity of the body to transport oxygen and energetic substances

In the Respiratory System:

• Ability to deliver oxygen to the body
• Oxygen exchange in the alveoli of the lungs and muscle cells

Classification:

Based on energy pathways that provide energy to the muscles, and characteristics of volume and intensity.

Anaerobic Endurance

Anaerobic

Analysis and prevention of damage caused by work.

Prevent workers from suffering any injury while on the job. This requires participation from all stakeholders: workers, technicians, and employers. Prevention organizations (e.g., mutual insurance companies, INSHT) and relevant legislation (local, regional, national, European) also play a crucial role.

Understanding Workplace Damage

Direct Damage: Workplace Accidents

Legal Definition of Workplace Accident

Any injury workers suffer in connection with or as a consequence of the work performed for others. Also considered accidents:

• In itinere (on the way to/from work)
• While performing trade union duties
• During professional performance in rescue acts
• When suffering an occupational disease not officially

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Floats

Advantages include quickly gaining confidence and learning quickly. However, a drawback is that overuse can hinder the adjustment process when removing the floaters.

Types of Floating Positions and Techniques

Variables Related to Swimming Propulsion

Basic Propulsion Variables

Considerations for Jumps and