Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems

Announcement: to announce something unrelated to a brand.

Advertisement: to promote something like an ad or a campaign.

Mark: a visible sign on the face.

Brand: a type of product manufactured by a company under a specific name.

Label: used for clothes.

Make: refers to electrical equipment, cars, and domestic appliances.

Trademark: a name, symbol, or design used by a company on its products, legally owned by the company, or something that characterizes a person, place, or product.

Audience: a group of people gathered in one place to listen to a concert, watch a movie, etc.

Public: ordinary people.

Viewers: people who watch TV, computers, etc.

Spectators: people who watch an activity, especially sports, without participating.

Grief: sorrow.

Bond: a connection.... Continue reading "Understanding the Difference: Announcement, Advertisement, Mark, Brand, and More" »

Dear Head of the City Council,

I am writing to express my thoughts and concerns regarding the proposed new hotel being built in our area, specifically its close proximity to the bird sanctuary. I appreciate the efforts to promote economic growth and development in our community, but I have concerns about the potential impact of the hotel on the bird sanctuary and its inhabitants.

Noise Pollution

Firstly, I am worried about the noise pollution that the hotel may cause. The noise generated by the construction and operation of the hotel could significantly impact the bird sanctuary. This noise could disturb the peaceful environment required for bird breeding and nesting. Furthermore, the noise pollution could interfere with the migratory patterns... Continue reading "Protecting Our Bird Sanctuary: Concerns Regarding the Proposed Hotel Development" »

Neuromarketing and Consumer Behavior

Marketing is a field devoted to influencing people to like things, and ultimately to buy things, including things they may not need. Neuromarketing offers a better way to measure marketing effectiveness because it's based on a more realistic understanding of how consumers' brains operate. Traditional marketing relies on data collection through surveys, discussion groups, interviews, and other market research techniques to obtain information.

Rational vs. Intuitive Consumers

A rational consumer uses a logical and analytical approach to make purchase decisions. They consider the facts, compare prices, evaluate benefits and costs, and make informed decisions based on a systematic evaluation of available information.... Continue reading "Neuromarketing and Consumer Behavior: Key Concepts" »

Common English Idioms and Phrases

Here are some of the most common English idioms and phrases that will enrich your English vocabulary and make you sound like a native speaker.

1. ‘The Best of Both Worlds’

Means you can enjoy two different opportunities at the same time.

Example: “By working part-time and looking after her kids two days a week she managed to get the best of both worlds.”

2. ‘Speak of the Devil’

This means that the person you’re just talking about actually appears at that moment.

Example: “Hi Tom, speak of the devil, I was just telling Sara about your new car.”

3. ‘See Eye to Eye’

This means agreeing with someone.

Example: “They finally saw eye to eye on the business deal.”

4. ‘Once in a Blue Moon’

An event... Continue reading "25 Common English Idioms and Phrases to Sound Like a Native" »

Application Software

System Software

Operating System

Why OS?

Operating System Function

OS Goals

Types of Operating Systems

• Single Process Operating System
• Batch-Processing Operating System
• Multiprogramming Operating System
• Multitasking Operating System
• Multi-Processing Operating System
• Distributed System
• Real Time OS

Program

Process

Thread

Multi-tasking vs Multi-Threading

Thread Scheduling

Thread Context Switching vs Process Context Switching

User Space

Kernel

Functions of Kernel

• Process Management
• Memory Management
• File Management
• I/O Management

Type Of Kernel

• Monolithic
• Micro
• Hybrid
• Nano

System Calls

Types

• Process Management
• Device Management
• File Management
• Information Management
• Communication Management

Firmware: SW embedded in HW (microprocessor -> microcontroller)

What

What If Everyone Did It? (Immanuel Kant)

• If you help because it hurts you, it is not a moral action.
• Morality depends on what you do and why you do it.
• You should never lie.
• We all have an absolute duty to tell the truth → Categorical imperative (order).
• We act on the basis of “maxims”. For something to be moral, it must be applicable to everyone (maxims applicable in all cases).
• Always ask yourself the question of what if everyone did it?

Such Practice (Jeremy Bentham)

• Panopticon (a machine to make rogues honest).
• Utilitarianism or the Principle of Greatest Happiness → It consists of the idea that what is correct is what produces the greatest happiness.
• Happiness is pleasure and absence of pain. We seek pleasurable experiences and avoid painful

Room to Grow (John Stuart Mill)

- He was a genius, raised on utilitarianism.

- There are different types of pleasure, and some are better than others.

- Anyone who has experienced high and low pleasures prefers the high.

- Paternalism: Forcing someone to do something for their good (acceptable only in children).

- The Harm Principle: Every adult should be free to live as they want as long as they do not harm anyone.

- The more freedom, the happier.

Unintelligent Design (Charles Darwin)

- Everyone has apes in their family tree; we are part of nature.

- His theory explains how human beings, plants, and animals have come to be what they are and how they are still changing.

- You cannot be a Darwinian and also believe that God created all species as they... Continue reading "Philosophical Insights: Mill to Freud" »

Dear John/Hi John,

It's great to hear from you after so long! How are you doing? I'm so excited about your visit next summer. Let me give you some tips so you can get ready.

First of all, there are some places which you can't miss! For example, here in Barcelona you should totally visit Sagrada Familia, an ancient cathedral. It was nominated to become one of the new seven wonders of the world. Also, don't forget to check out Castelldefels viewpoint - you will have the best views of Barcelona and the whole city.

As for clothes, remember that it can get super hot in Barcelona, especially for foreigners! So forget about long sleeves or trousers and just pack some shorts, T-shirts, and sandals. Oh, remember to bring a cap, too!

By the way, do you have... Continue reading "Tips for Visiting Barcelona: What to See and Pack" »

Learning from Mistakes: Popper and Kuhn

Science progresses not by proving theories right, but by recognizing when our understanding of reality is false. Scientists actively try to disprove their theories.

• Induction: If you observe that it rains every Thursday for four weeks, you might conclude that it always rains on Thursdays.
• Science aims to avoid the problem of induction.
• Scientists propose a hypothesis and then test it, seeking evidence that could falsify it. If falsified, the hypothesis is rejected.
• Kuhn: Argued that there are no objective facts waiting to be discovered. Progress occurs through "paradigm shifts," where existing frameworks of thought are overturned.

The Runaway Train and the Unwanted Fiddler

These thought experiments by Philippa... Continue reading "Key Philosophical Concepts: From Popper to Singer" »

What is confederation?  When did it occur? 

The confederation was when Canada was born. Happened on July 1, 1867. 

What makes up the province of Canada?” also know the 2 cultures of each Pg 23-24

Canada East

Followed French Culture + mostly spoke French 

Canada West

Followed British Culture + mostly spoke English 

Which  areas of British North America did Hudson's bay company in the mid-1800s Pg 5

Rupert’s Land, New Caledonia

What were the 2 main events of the “great migration” Pg 7

Potato famine & the underground railroad

Know a couple of points from each of the 6 beginning colonies of bna Pg 23-27

Canada East - Industry flourished in Montreal in the late 1840s

- Most of the work in the factories was d1 by women & children

- They were... Continue reading "Population of men, women and children in kudan local government" »