Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other subjects

September 2009 Analysis: Abortion Law & Public Opinion

Understanding Abortion Legislation

Question 1: Legal Status and Parental Consent

• 1a: Currently, it is a crime to have an abortion... [related to] her physical or mental health.
• 1b: The new abortion law would... [allow] abortion without parental consent.

Question 2: Provisions and Public Opposition

• 2a: True with a provision that would allow girls over 16 to have an abortion without parental consent.
• 2b: False. Hundreds of doctors, scientists, and other Spanish professionals also signed a manifesto earlier this month rejecting the government's plans.
• 2c: True. Only 15% of Spaniards oppose abortion under any condition.

Question 3: Related Terminology

• 3a: Support
• 3b: Clash
• 3c: Demonstrations
• 3d: Endangers

Answers

Elements of Planning in Public Relations

Establishing Goals

1. Determining Present Situation
2. Researching and Selecting Target Audiences
3. Developing Objectives
4. Creating Strategies
5. Developing Tactics for Implementation
6. Developing a Budget
7. Working Out a Timetable
8. Creating Evaluation/Measurement Techniques

Goals

An observable and measurable end result having one or more objectives to be achieved within a more or less fixed timeframe; must relate to the organization’s purpose. PR goals must relate to the overall mission and objectives of the organization.

Research

Research provides important insights into three areas important for writing a situation analysis:

• Organization
• Situation
• Audiences

Key Questions for Situation Analysis

• Is this a big or little problem/opportunity?

Unit 4: Chairing Meetings

Chairing a meeting means ensuring that a meeting achieves its aims. The meeting should have been called for a specific purpose, and all discussion at the meeting must be to this end. These are some of the skills required:

Impartiality

A chairperson should ensure that all participants have an opportunity to express their point of view.

Assertiveness

Ensuring that everyone gets a hearing will almost certainly involve stopping someone from dominating the proceedings. The more contentious the issue, the more likely you are to require firmness, although phrases like “I think we should hear from Ms. Smith on this” should be sufficient in most cases. Once you provide this opening, however, you need to ensure: no interruptions... Continue reading "Business Meeting Skills, Customer Relations, and Advantage" »

Event marketing is a type of promotion where a company or brand is linked to an event, where a themed activity is developed for the purpose of creating experiences for consumers and promoting a product or service.

It is the process of developing a themed exhibit, display, or presentation to promote a product, service, cause, or organization, leveraging in-person engagement.

Key elements include marketing, branding, advertising, promotions, publicity, and PR.

Measuring Event Success: Sales and ROI

Measuring sales, specifically the increase in sales of goods and services during or after the event, is the most typical form of return on investment (ROI) for most sponsors. Also, track the increase in distribution channels, better positioning at point-... Continue reading "Event Marketing: Boosting Brand Engagement and ROI" »

Understanding Organizational Learning and Knowledge

Types of Learning: Individual and Team

Team Learning Defined

Capacity of a group to engage appropriately in dialogue and discussion.

Characteristics of Effective Team Learning

• Ability to think insightfully about complex issues and bring together the collective intelligence of a team.
• Ability to provide innovative and coordinated action.
• Ability to share practices and skills between teams in organizations.

Team Learning Styles

• Dialogue: Suspending assumptions, treating members equally, exploring assumptions.
• Discussion: Different views are presented and defended to reach a decision.

Organizational Learning Frameworks

Levels of Learning

• Individual
• Group
• Organization

Ethics in Organizations

Ethics is the code... Continue reading "Organizational Learning, Knowledge Management, and Business Intelligence" »

Slow Fashion: A Path to Conscious Consumption

Vocabulary

1. Definitions

A) Invented, created: Coined

B) Cloths, textiles: Garments

C) Natural, unprocessed: Artisan

D) Frequency, speed: Often

E) United, joined: Unified

2. Synonyms

A) Boycotting: Prevent/avoid

B) Rather than: As a substitute/alternately

C) Mending: Repair

D) Lessen: Reduce

E) Removing: Draw out/taking away

3. True or False

A) TRUE: “Choosing artisan products to support smaller businesses, fair trade, and locally-made clothes; choosing clothing made with sustainable, ethically-made, or recycled fabrics.”

B) FALSE: “What’s more, choosing quality goods (rather than disposable) reduces the amount of clothing and textiles that end up in our garbage dump every year.”

C) TRUE: “Also slowing... Continue reading "Sustainable Fashion: A Path to Conscious Consumption" »

Advantages of Computer-Assisted Psychological Assessment

1. Item Banking

Computer-assisted assessment allows for the creation and maintenance of item banks, which are databases of test items that can be used across multiple assessments. This facilitates efficient test development and administration, as psychologists can select items from the item bank to create customized tests for specific purposes or populations.

2. Item Branching

Computerized assessments can utilize item branching, which means that the subsequent items presented to the individual can be tailored based on their previous responses. This adaptive testing approach allows for more efficient and targeted assessments, as the system can dynamically select items based on the individual'... Continue reading "Advantages & Disadvantages of Computer-Assisted Psychological Assessment" »

Mathematics in Crisis: Hilbert's Program

In the early 20th century, mathematics faced a crisis. The rapid development of new mathematical concepts and notations raised concerns about the foundations of mathematics. David Hilbert, a prominent mathematician, initiated a project known as Hilbert's Program to address these concerns. Hilbert's goal was to formalize all of mathematics, creating a system that was both consistent (free from contradictions) and complete (capable of proving or disproving any mathematical statement).

Reasons for Formalism:

• The emergence of algebraic methods as a powerful language for describing mathematical abstractions.
• The erosion of the authority of Euclidean geometry and challenges to long-held axioms.

Intentions of Formalism:

Neuromarketing and Consumer Behavior

Marketing is a field devoted to influencing people to like things, and ultimately to buy things, including things they may not need. Neuromarketing offers a better way to measure marketing effectiveness because it's based on a more realistic understanding of how consumers' brains operate. Traditional marketing relies on data collection through surveys, discussion groups, interviews, and other market research techniques to obtain information.

Rational vs. Intuitive Consumers

A rational consumer uses a logical and analytical approach to make purchase decisions. They consider the facts, compare prices, evaluate benefits and costs, and make informed decisions based on a systematic evaluation of available information.... Continue reading "Neuromarketing and Consumer Behavior: Key Concepts" »