Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other subjects

Organizational Chart of a Hotel Department

General Manager (GM) - The GM is the head of the department and oversees all operations. The Chief Engineer reports to the GM and is responsible for the following departments:

• Corporate Offices - Establish policies and procedures, ensuring accountability. They do not have executive responsibility for individual property performance.
• Property Management
• Repairs & Maintenance
• Landscaping - This department includes roles such as storekeeper, electrician, refrigerator engineer, painter, gardener, plumber, and air conditioning technician.

Hotel Physical Premises Design and Concept

The design and concept of a hotel's physical premises depend on its defined characteristics:

• Location
• Existing infrastructures
• Climate
• Concept
• Target

Managing a Crisis Gracefully

When the worst happens, there are tactics you can use to contain the disaster, or at least try to dampen it down before it gets worse.

Don’t Panic

If you’ve just realized a mistake, take a few deep breaths.

Fess Up

If you make an error, your audience will realize it before your manager does, and your manager would rather not hear about it via third-party sources. It’s better to own up and consult your team for their expertise.

Go Straight to the Top

Regardless of who made the error, the head of department should be the one to deal with it. Crisis management should come from the top, and using a junior staff member to deal with it is not only bad for brand reputation, it’s also bad for inexperienced staff to have... Continue reading "Effective Crisis Management: Strategies for Handling Challenges" »

Excellent managers come in all shapes and sizes. Their management style can be as unique as their personalities. Here are five things the best managers do – and don’t do.

What Effective Managers Do:

On the positive side, the best managers:

1. Keep the big picture in mind – They have a sound strategic mindset. They know their company’s business well and ensure that the activities of their unit, department, or division are always firmly aligned with broader initiatives and strategies.
2. Are consistent in their behavior – People like and need predictability. Problems arise for employees when a manager is erratic – for example, lenient and upbeat one day, and controlling and dour the next.
3. Treat their employees’ time as if it’s as important

A.1) Canada banned walrus hunt as it became a danger to the species population

Inuit subsistence revolved around the hunt of this large animal, so the government decided to make an exception for this community. Allow aboriginal people to sell their right to kill some of their walrus quota to hunters. They would collect the fee, serve as guides, & keep the meat & skins as they had always done. This way, trophy hunters fulfill their desire to shoot a walrus while the Inuit gain a new source of income, all without exceeding the agreed amount of walrus’ deaths. According to Sandel, they reached the best solution by employing a utilitarian approach. In order to maximize the happiness of all parties, market logic had to be followed. Walrus... Continue reading "Impact of Utilitarianism on Walrus Hunting and Cultural Values" »

Demand Forecasting

All organizations operate in an atmosphere of uncertainty, but decisions must be made today that affect the future of the organization.

The Nature of Demand Forecasting

A forecast is a prediction or estimation of a future situation under given conditions. Demand forecasting helps managers make the following decisions effectively:

Major Short-Run Decisions

• Purchase of inputs
• Maintaining economic inventory levels
• Setting sales targets
• Distribution network management
• Working capital management
• Price policy
• Promotion policy

Major Long-Run Decisions

• Expansion of existing capacity
• Diversification of the product mix
• Growth through acquisition
• Change of plant location
• Capital issues
• Long-run borrowings
• Manpower planning

Steps in Demand Forecasting

1. Identification

Media and Technology Glossary

Journalism and Broadcasting

• Stringer: A freelance journalist.
• Shortlist: A list chosen from a longer list.
• Scoop: A story that one broadcaster (or newspaper, etc.) manages to get as an exclusive. This can often lead to a sharp rise in audience figures, as there is only one source of this information.
• Slot: A section in a radio or TV program which has a time allocated to it in a schedule.

Studio and Film Production

• Studio Manager: Ensures that the studio is organized in terms of bookings, equipment, and administration. They are often involved in the business side of the operations, making sure that they keep existing clients satisfied and attract new business to the studio.
• Set: An indoor location where the film is recorded.

Emotions, Stress, and Athlete Development

Examples of negatively toned emotions are anger, anxiety, sadness, etc. Using the example of the elite female shooter, she demonstrates how anxiety can be a good or bad thing. She can positively use negatively toned emotions to be fully aware of shooting her targets and also explains how if she was calm while shooting, it would frighten her more than calm her nerves. On the other hand, she explains that if she were to use a completely different rifle she may feel anxious, and in turn, be too afraid to use it. This is an example of how negatively toned emotions can be both useful and harmful.

The Impact of Stress and Anxiety on Performance

The level of anxiety or stress can decide whether or not the athlete... Continue reading "Emotions, Stress, and Athlete Development: Key Psychological Factors" »

Cost Accounting (CA) vs. Activity-Based Costing (ABC): A Comparison

Input Analysis

• CA: Focuses on direct and indirect costs, with special attention to accumulation costs.
• ABC: Analyzes traceable and non-traceable costs, emphasizing hidden costs.

Allocation Analysis

• CA: Categorizes costs by function, based on delegation and accountability. Support-center costs are allocated to main centers. Activity units are selected based on correlation.
• ABC: Categorizes costs by activity (processes), focusing on value chain control. Support activities are minimized. Drivers are selected based on causality.

Cost Object Analysis

• Both CA and ABC analyze production and final costs, cost-volume-profit, product cost at different completion stages, and contribution to value.

After-Sales Service

After-sales service refers to the tasks that an organization undertakes after a sale to ensure total customer satisfaction. It is an important source of information and should be considered an investment. It is easier to sell new products to a satisfied customer than to find new customers.

Advantages:

• It provides greater customer satisfaction.
• It improves the image of the company.
• It improves direct knowledge of the market.
• It involves potential customer loyalty.
• It implies a likely increase in sales.

Disadvantages:

• It involves certain costs.
• It needs to be controlled.
• It can cause a possible increase in the number of claims.
• It implies a greater demand for service and quality.
• It causes more staffing needs.

Types of After-Sales Service

Promotional

Related... Continue reading "Enhancing Customer Satisfaction with After-Sales Service" »

The 21st century has been one of the most innovative ages for online platforms. Online learning has become more interesting and fruitful. However, the lack of face-to-face interaction is creating some severe issues. In this essay, we will discuss both the positive and negative aspects of e-learning.

Advantages of E-Learning

First of all, online education has broadened the dimension of learning beyond limits. Gaining knowledge in the old days, sitting back in schools, was always boring and ineffective for understanding. But now, with the evolution of online technology, the level of understanding has been increasing, as we can learn from different tutors all around the world, as many times as we want. In addition, e-learning has made it possible... Continue reading "E-Learning: Advantages and Disadvantages" »