Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other courses

Grounds for Annulment of EU Acts

Under EU law, there are several grounds upon which an act can be challenged and annulled. These include:

• Lack of Competence

  This occurs when an institution does not possess the necessary power to act. It can manifest by exercising a power not conferred upon it, exercising a non-existent power, or encroaching on the powers of another institution.

  Case Example: In Germany v European Parliament and Council (Tobacco Advertising), a directive banning tobacco advertising was annulled because it was primarily a public health measure, a field where the EU had limited competence at the time.

• Infringement of an Essential Procedural Requirement

  EU law imposes essential procedural requirements as safeguards. A failure to follow

Appetizers

• Traditional French Escargot Bourguignon 13.

  Served in shell with herb garlic butter.

• Black Pearl American Paddlefish Caviar 85.

  Traditional garnitures and crème fraîche.

• Duo of King Salmon & Yellowfin Tuna Tartare 15.

  Fresh herbs, lemon, capers, sun-dried tomato, and crème fraîche.

• Warm Walnut-Crusted Goat Cheese 13.

  Grapes, peppered honey, and walnut raisin bread.

• Housemade Gnocchi 14.

  Organic vegetables, wild mushrooms, and Parmigiano-Reggiano.

• Lightly Smoked Chicken Ravioli 16.

  Beurre noisette, brunoise vegetables, Parmigiano-Reggiano, and wine sauce.

• Veal Sweetbreads 17.

  Smoked pancetta, braised endive, and black truffle sauce.

Salads & Soups

• Organic Golden Apple Salad 12.

  Belgian endive, frisée, and arugula with sherry vinaigrette,

Gene and Alleles

• A gene is a unit of heredity that occupies a specific locus on a chromosome.
• A locus is a specific location on a chromosome where a gene is located.
• Alleles are different forms of a gene that occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

• The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a population genetics model that describes the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population that is not evolving.
• The five conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
  1. No mutation
  2. No gene flow
  3. No genetic drift
  4. Random mating
  5. No natural selection

Population Genetics

• Population genetics is the study of the genetic variation within populations.
• Genetic variation is the presence of different alleles in a population.
• The gene pool is the

In-Adverbials with Simple Past Tense

In-adverbials combined with the simple past tense typically express the 'size' or duration of a [+durative] [+telic] eventuality. As a result:

• With states, they are usually anomalous because states are [–telic].
• With activities, they are usually anomalous because activities are [–telic].
• With accomplishments, which are [+durative] [+telic], they are perfectly natural and express the duration of the event.
• With achievements, which are [–durative], they typically express the time elapsed before the event (onset reading). However, this reading is often more natural with the preposition within.
• With semelfactives, they are usually anomalous because semelfactives are [–durative] [–telic].

In-Adverbials with

Zaha Hadid was designing the BMW Central Building.

The eventuality described in the VP ‘design the BMW Central Building” is [-static, +durative, +telic], thus an accomplishment. As shown in this example, it is compatible with the progressive, which emphasizes the progress of a [+durative] eventuality. Three diagnostics can be used to show that this event is an accomplishment, not an activity:

1. It is compatible with in-PPs ('Zaha Hadid designed the BMW Central Building in three months.'), but not with for-PPs ('Zaha Hadid designed the BMW Central Building in three months').
2. It does not have the sub-interval property: A subinterval of the event described in ‘Zaha Hadid designed the BMW Central Building’ cannot be described as ‘Zaha Hadid

The History of "Happy Birthday to You"

"Happy Birthday" had its origins in 1893, when Mildred Hill, a kindergarten teacher in Louisville, Kentucky, put together a simple little tune. Whether she composed it entirely out of her head, or was influenced by other "folk song" fragments, is not clear. But when her younger sister Patty Hill, also a teacher, added words, the groundwork was laid for a very pleasing song.

From Greeting to Celebration

They called it "Good Morning to All":

• Good morning to you,
• Good morning to you.
• Good morning, dear children,
• Good morning to all.

"Good Morning to All" was initially intended, and used, as a welcoming song to be sung by the teacher to the class each morning. But when it was published later in 1893, in a book of... Continue reading "The History of 'Happy Birthday to You' Song" »

Inserting Tables into Slides

In the Insert Object dialog box, click the Create From File option and click Browse to locate and choose the document or spreadsheet that contains the table. By default, the presentation software will insert the table. When you click OK, the entire document or spreadsheet is imported to your slide. Double-click the inserted text to remove extra text if the document contains more than the table. If you check the Link checkbox while inserting, after you update the table in the document or spreadsheet, then right click on the imported table in the presentation software, and select the option Update Link, the embedded table gets updated automatically. Drag and drop the table on the slide to position it.

Chart Design Principles

Convey... Continue reading "Embed and Link Objects in Presentations: Best Practices" »

Britain's Initial Resistance to the EEC

The British government feared that joining the EEC would damage special bonds with the Commonwealth, potentially leading to a loss of commercial advantage due to existing commercial agreements.

Economic and Political Concerns

Politically, Britain feared that accession to the EEC could mean the end of the British nation and resisted the idea of a European political union.

The Demand for a Free Trade Area

The UK emphasized its refusal to join a customs union. The British government defended the establishment of a free trade area where internal customs duties were abolished, but national governments maintained the competence to enact their own tariffs with regard to third countries.

The Shift: Economic Decline

    Don't let me down

Crashing, hit a wall
Right now I need a miracle
Hurry up now, I need a miracle
Stranded, reaching out
I call your name but you're not around
I say your name but you're not around

I need you, I need you, I need you right now
Yeah, I need you right now
So don't let me, don't let me, don't let me down
I think I'm losing my mind now
It's in my head, darling I hope
That you'll be here when I need you the most
So don't let me, don't let me, don't let me down
Don't let me down

Don't let me down
Don't let me down, down, down
Don't let me down, don't let me down, down, down

Running out of time
I really thought you were on my side
But now there's nobody by my side

I need you, I need you, I need you right now
Yeah, I need you right now
So don't let... Continue reading "Don't Let Me Down" »

Building Rapport: The Pairing Process

Pairing is the process of developing or building a strong rapport with a child. It involves associating yourself with existing reinforcers, so the child perceives you as a source of fun and positive experiences, rather than work or demands.

When Pairing Begins

Pairing should commence during the very first interaction between the therapist and the child.

Preparing for Pairing

Before initiating the pairing process, the therapist must have a minimum of five highly preferred items or activities that the child genuinely enjoys. These items will be crucial for establishing positive associations.

How to Conduct Pairing Effectively

• When the child enters the therapy room, ensure they can see the preferred items/activities,