Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other courses

1. Proposal

When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal. (Section 2(a))

a. Promise

The word 'promise' in the act is used in a narrow sense to mean an accepted proposal. It is not the same thing as an agreement, which is defined under clause (e). The technical use of the word 'promise' in the Court Act is far narrower than the popular use. Express words of promise often are in law no narrower than a proposal. A proposal is merely an offer to be bound by a promise, and a promise in law is an accepted proposal. It is the promise only which can give rise to an agreement which, if enforceable by... Continue reading "Understanding Proposals, Consent, and Free Consent in Contracts" »

Trespass to the person

If there is direct interference with the person's body, it is called trespass to the person. If the interference is indirect, then it constitutes nuisance. Trespass can be committed with land, the person, and goods. Trespass is a direct action. Injury to the person has four kinds: 1. Assault, 2. Battery, 3. False Imprisonment, and 4. Mayhem

Assault

Assault is an act of the defendant, which causes the plaintiff reasonable apprehension of the infliction of battery on him by the defendant. The essential requirements of assault are:

• There should be some preparation of use of force.
• There should be reasonable apprehension of the use of force.
• There should be the ability of the defendant to carry out the threat.
• This act is of the

Binary Conversion

Single-Precision Floating-Point

Format: 1 sign bit, 8 exponent bits, 23 fraction bits

Bias: +127 (decimal to binary), -127 (binary to decimal)

Double-Precision Floating-Point

Format: 1 sign bit, 11 exponent bits, 52 fraction bits

Bias: +1023 (decimal to binary), -1023 (binary to decimal)

Example: -17.6875 (Single-Precision)

1. Sign Bit: + = 0, - = 1 (In this case, 1)
2. Integer Part to Binary: Repeatedly divide the integer part by 2 and record the remainders.
3. Fractional Part to Binary: Repeatedly multiply the fractional part by 2 and record the integer parts.
4. Combine and Normalize: Combine the binary integer and fractional parts. Normalize to the form 1.xxx * 2^exponent.
5. Calculate Exponent: Add the bias to the exponent.

Agree: estar de acuerdo Answer the phone: contester el teléfono Apologize:  pedir disculpas Argue: discutir Ask:  preguntar Chat: Hablar Fall out: pelearse Leave a message: enviar un Mensaje Make a call: hacer Una llamada Post a message: dejar Un mensaje Send a text: enviar Un testo  Talk face to face: hablar cara a cara Thank: agradecer Warn: Advertir SAY: goodbye, hello, nothing, something, sorry, thank YouESPEAK: Clearly, English, in public, toTELL: a joke(un chiste), a lie(mentiras), what to do(que Hacer), a story(una historia), the truth(la verdad)Assist: ayudar Bad-mouth: Insultar Enquire: interrogar  Fancy: Imaginar Reckon: calcular que Require: exigirAd: anuncio Enquiry: investigación Paper: articulo Big-mouthed: bocazaIll-mannered:

Intra-AS Routing

RIP – Based on Distance-Vector (D-V), fewer messages, converges slower, smaller size.

OSPF – Based on Link-State (L-S), converges faster, more messages, larger networks.

Distance-Vector is distributed, and each router only knows the costs to its neighbors and their distance vectors.

Link state is global and requires that each router knows the network topology and link costs to all nodes.

OSPF: Used internally inside a network, an intra-network/domain protocol used in an AS.

BGP: An internetwork protocol used between two different ASs, used at the edge of your network to connect your network to the internet.

RIP: An intra-network protocol used in an AS, used for small networks (maximum number of hops is 16).

EBGP: Runs between two... Continue reading "Routing Protocols: RIP, OSPF, BGP, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA" »

The EU Single Market

Key Freedoms of the EU Single Market

1. Free Movement of Persons: All EU citizens can move freely, reside, and take up work within the EU area.
2. Free Movement of Goods: Goods are not subject to border controls, tariffs, or quotas within the EU. This simplifies and promotes trade between member states.
3. Free Movement of Services: Service providers from an EU state are free to offer their services in any state of the EU single market, even without settling there.
4. Free Movement of Capital: Restrictions on capital and payment transactions between states of the EU single market are prohibited.

Financial Statements

Income Statement

A financial statement that shows the revenues, expenses, and net income of a firm over a period of time.

Statement

Both digital divide and generation divide are difficulties that we encounter when we use ITC in English learning. On the one hand, digital divide is the lack of computers, IWBs, or a proper internet connection in classrooms, as well as the lack of a computer room. On the other hand, generation divide refers to digital natives (students) with respect to non-digital natives (teachers and parents). The reason for generation divides is the late incorporation of technology into our teaching practice, lack of facilities, and training.

Storybird is a tool for reading skills and contains short, art-inspired stories that are curiously fun to make, share, and read. You can choose from hundreds of drawings and images and then write a story to go with them.... Continue reading "Using Technology in English Learning: Overcoming the Digital and Generation Divides" »

I'm going to speak about travelling to Italy, the first time I went to Italy was for an intercultural exchange and I made a lot of friends and got to know interesting people. I've also visited a lot of monuments and my first cities in Italy which were Modena, Firenze, and Maranello. Do you know these cities? In Maranello, you have the opportunity to visit the first Ferrari factory, and of course in Firenze, you can see a lot of monuments and you absolutely have to visit all the museums, for example, the Uffici Gallery, which in my opinion is one of the most beautiful galleries all over the world, much better than other famous galleries in New York or in London. If you are a fan of art, you have to see it. I'm certain you'd like it. Even if... Continue reading "Travelling to Italy: Upsides, Downsides, and Recommendations" »

I used to own a standard headset, but a few months ago, I got wireless headphones. Of the two earphones, I like the wireless headphones better for a couple of reasons.

Comfort and Portability

The wireless headphones are very comfortable and portable. They go with you everywhere, making them practical for daily use.

Affordability and Durability

While the wireless headphones are closer to $200, the standard earphones cost $40, making them more affordable. However, the wireless headphones need to be charged, unlike the standard earphones. Additionally, the standard earphones are manageable but not as durable as they claim to be.

Conclusion

Considering the comfort, portability, affordability, and durability, I believe that the wireless headphones are... Continue reading "Why Wireless Headphones are Better: A Comparison" »