Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Music

Foundations of Renaissance Thought

Francesco Petrarch and Humanism

Why was Francesco Petrarch important? He was one of the primary promoters of Humanism. This movement introduced Anthropocentrism: the belief that the human being is the center of all things.

Erasmus of Rotterdam: Tolerance and Secularism

Who was Erasmus of Rotterdam? He was a Dutchman who defended religious tolerance and emphasized the importance of secular Christianity.

Baldassare Castiglione's Ideal Man

What were the ideas presented in the work of Baldassare Castiglione? The ideal of the knight and the cultured and educated man.

Medieval vs. Renaissance Ideals

Comparing Medieval and Renaissance ideas reveals fundamental shifts:

• Culture Development: Culture developed primarily in monasteries

Albéniz

Rhythm: Binary regular, constant 2/4. Allegro grazioso, moderately fast and graceful. Black note = unit. The right hand plays the melody with staccato eighth notes. These articulated sixteenth notes should sound like half notes going into silence.

The left-hand notes attack with a quaver on the strong part of the bar, quietly leaving the rest of each bar. The three thirty-second notes in the introduction function as arpeggios, and four processional rolls give way to the tune of "La Tarara."

Melody: The theme dominating Section A is taken from a very popular song. It has a symmetrical scheme. The melody is 16 measures long. The melody is anacrustic for joint degrees, overlooking the 2nd and 3rd. The staccato interpretation gives a blank... Continue reading "Albéniz's "Corpus Christi en Sevilla": Musical Analysis" »

Romanticism: Artistic and Cultural Movement

Romanticism, an artistic and cultural movement, formed at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The artist sought an ideal (love) that collided with a feeling of disappointment and anguish. This conflict produced rebellion, solitude, and evasion into the past or exotic places, or even suicide. To counter this, Romanticism employed fantasy and dreams.

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

Considered the initiator of modern Spanish poetry.

• Rimas de Amor: The search for an unattainable ideal in love, death, or the meaninglessness of life.
• Rimas Metapoéticas: These reflect the concept of poetry itself.

Rosalía de Castro

She is one of the most important voices of poetry in Galician and Spanish.

• Work (Cantares Gallegos

Spanish Literature: From Renaissance to Baroque

Mannerism

As a movement of transition between the Renaissance and Baroque, Mannerism was used to define elaborate artists' works. This current arises as a reaction to classicism, characterized by the rejection of rigid rules and the free use of forms. Based on literary theory, a clear example is in the sonnets of Góngora and Lope.

Baroque

There was a great development of poetry. Everything could be poetic material. It is a poetry of contrasts because there is a meditative face, a difficult and misleading world, and almost every issue addressed from a mock perspective. Sonnet and romance are common forms.

The essential feature of the Baroque mentality is distrust in itself. Topics such as disappointment

romantic mentality
-subjectivism and individualism: the feelings and desires literatura.El dominate the yearning for freedom and becomes maor vida.El ideals of love adqiere tragic overtones as they faced barriers or inalcanzable.Sin ideal, however, is posed as tmbn a force k man tends inevitablemnte
- Projection n nature as a result of domino subjestivo writers naturally look to the landscape refugio.El reflects their moods atormentado.Por dark environments that are preferred.
- Clash with reality produces a romantic idealism loqe between wishes and reality: k creates disappointment, distress ... To avoid CIRCUMSTANCES present, acia evaded romantic past and exotic places, coming to suicide.
-the supernatural and mysterious death, burial... Continue reading "Idealism and Education" »

Music Fundamentals: Understanding Sound

Understanding Sound Intensity

Intensity is the degree of force with which a sound is played.

Exploring Timbre

Sounds differ in timbre.

Musical Alterations: Sharps, Flats, and Naturals

Alterations are signs that change the pitch of a sound. These include:

• Sharp (#): Raises the pitch by one semitone.
• Flat (b): Lowers the pitch by one semitone.
• Natural (♮): Cancels a previous sharp or flat, restoring the original pitch.

The Role of Musical Rests

Silences (rests) are signs that represent the absence of sound for a specific duration.

Musical Notes and Their Duration

Figures (notes) are signs that represent the duration of sounds.

Prolonging Musical Notes: Ties, Dots, and Fermatas

Signs of prolongation include the tie (... Continue reading "Comprehensive Music Knowledge: Definitions, Instruments, History" »

Francesc Vicenç Garcia and Baroque Poetry

Francesc Vicenç Garcia mastered morality in his poetry with a marked ironic slant. His poem regarding the lady who left an imprint is particularly representative of Baroque poetry, although it follows a long tradition. The fact that Francesc Vicenç Garcia’s lady is a discordant feature regarding the canons of female beauty in the classical descriptio puellae—where the lady was traditionally blonde—is significant. Chromatic elements are in play: the jarring black contrasts with canonical white metaphors. The hair is jet, the skin is ivory, and the neck is like snow. This pure play of contrasts is a metaphor for the passion of love that overcomes the lover, who observes the scene amazed (v. 9)... Continue reading "Catalan Baroque Poetry and Modernist Theater Trends" »

Morphosyntactic Resources

• Anaphora: Repetition of a word at the beginning of each verse.
• Parallelism: Repetition of structures.
• Anadiplosis: Repetition of the last word at the end and beginning of a verse.
• Concatenation: Several anadiplosis in a row.
• Epanadiplosis: Repetition of a word at the beginning and end of the verse.
• Pun: Repetition of words by reversing the order.
• Chiasmus: Repetition in which there is a cross-distribution of elements in the same structure.
• Hyperbaton: Changing the natural order of a sentence.
• Pun: Repetition of words that sound alike, and at least one of which is composed of two terms.
• Epithet: Adjective that expresses a quality of the accompanying noun.
• Pleonasm: Redundancy through repetition, i.e., adding unnecessary terms.

The directionality of sound can be ascending, descending or stable, sound can also be continuous and dicontinu. T pentagra and musical notes used to represent pitch. The alterations are used to raise or lower the note one semitone Intrument The musical sounds are a means to produce, are classified into five groups: cordófono, membranófono, idiófono, aerófono, electrophone. The voice is distinguished from other instruments because noste part of the body. Registration is the range of notes that can be a singing / singing. Calssificacó: DA is under the log, which can be acute, intermediate or severe. Kind of voice that makes a / singer is more or less appropriate crucial to interpret the music.

T is the duration for which indicates whether... Continue reading "A body is placed in a certain airstream" »

Classification of Voices

Sorting a voice involves designating the category to which it belongs, its size, timbre, and power, in order to determine the appropriate roles and song types.

Sexual Classification

• Female voice: The larynx and vocal cords are smaller, so the sound is about an octave higher than that of men.
• Male voice: The larynx and vocal cords are larger than women's, resulting in a deeper sound.
• Child's voice: The larynx is smaller; the voice moves or changes during puberty.
• Asexual voice: A male voice with a feminine timbre.

Classification According to Tessitura

Tessitura refers to the set of tones in which a person sings with ease:

• High voice: Soprano, tenor, childish voice.
• Middle voice: Mezzo-soprano, baritone.
• Deep voice: Alto, bass.

Classification