Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Music

Vocabulary Glossary

Part 1

• Ragtime: A style of music characterized by a syncopated melodic line and regularly accented accompaniment, evolved by Black American musicians in the 1890s.
• Entwined: Wind or twist together; interweave.
• Crumbling: Breaking or falling apart into small fragments, especially as part of a process of deterioration.
• Loom: To appear as a large, often frightening or unclear shape or object; also, a device for weaving fabric.
• Sprawls: A small contrasting part of something.
• Haggard: Looking exhausted and unwell, especially from fatigue, worry, or suffering.
• Tenantry: The tenants of an estate; tenancy.
• Billowy: Characterized by or full of billows; surging.
• Cryptograph: A coded message or the art of writing or solving codes.
• Staggering:

Renaissance Sculpture

Influence of Classical Sculpture

Renaissance sculpture was heavily influenced by classical Greek and Roman art. Artists studied and replicated the forms and ideals of ancient sculptures.

Characteristics

• Use of various materials: marble, bronze, ceramic, and wood.
• Expansion of themes: Mythological, historical, and portraiture subjects were introduced alongside traditional religious themes.
• Two main forms:
  1. Sculptures in the round: Freestanding sculptures viewable from all angles.
  2. Reliefs: Sculptures carved on flat surfaces.
• Pursuit of ideal beauty: Artists emphasized anatomical accuracy and harmonious proportions based on the study of the human body.

The Quattrocento (15th Century)

• Florence as the leading center.
• Notable artists:
  • Ghiberti:

Popular Piano Songs: Easy Sheet Music

Rice Pudding

Fa Fa Fa Do
Do Fa Fa La Sol
The Sib The Sol Fa Do Re Do Mi Mi Mi Mi Fa

Do Fa La La Fa
Do Fa La La Sol
The Sib The Sol Fa Do Re Do Mi Mi Mi Mi Fa

Silent Night

Sol La Sol Mi
Sol La Sol Mi
If you do re re do Sol

La La La Sol's do If Sol Mi
La La La Sol's do If Sol Mi

re re re fa mi re do if
Sol Mi Fa Do Sol Re Do

re re re fa mi re do if
Sol Mi Fa Do Sol Re Do

Ode to Joy

If you do re re do If If The Sun Sol La Si Si La La
If you do re re do If If The Sun Sun Sun Sun The If's

The sun If the sun If you do If
If you do If the sun's La Re

If you do re re do If If The Sun Sun Sun Sun The If's

La Cucaracha

Fa La Do Do Do
Fa La Do Do Do
Fa Fa Mi Mi Re Re Do

Do Do Do Mi Sol
Do Do Do Mi Sol
do... Continue reading "Easy Piano Sheet Music: Popular Songs & Keyboard Positions" »

Ancient Greece

Music, Poetry, Dance

MII (Musical Instruments): lyre & aulos

Middle Ages

Religious Music

• Gregorian Chant: Developed by Pope Gregory, destined for the liturgy.

Secular Music

• Troubadours (11th Century, France):
• Cantigas (Alfonso X, "Estrela do dia", Spain):

Renaissance

Protestant Reformation

• Chorale (1510): Simple composition based on popular melodies.

English Reformation

• Anthem (1534): Similar to the motet.

Counter Reformation

• Motet: Religious polyphony, brief, "not to please the ear but to link their souls to God".
• Mass: Compound musical form (all the pieces of the liturgy).

MIC (Main Important Composers)

• Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
• Orlando di Lasso
• Cristóbal de Morales
• Tomás Luis de Victoria

Secular Music

• Italy: Madrigal: Compound polyphonic

Musical Terms and Definitions

Aria: A highly dramatic solo vocal piece with musical accompaniment, typically found in operas, oratorios, and cantatas.

Art song: A vocal composition, usually a lyric song intended for recital performance, typically accompanied by piano, in which the text is the principal focus.

Beat: Equal parts into which a measure is divided.

Bel canto: A style of operatic singing utilizing full, even tones and virtuoso vocal technique.

Cadence: A particular arrangement of chords indicating the ending of a musical passage.

Cantata: A musical composition in several movements for orchestra and chorus, often with a sacred text, utilizing recitatives, arias, and choruses.

Concerto: An extended composition for orchestra and one or more... Continue reading "Musical Terms: Definitions and Vocabulary" »

Historical and Sociocultural Aspects

1. God: The Renaissance witnessed a shift from theocentric to humanistic beliefs.
2. Humanism: Humanism emphasized the importance of human reason, individuality, and the pursuit of knowledge.
3. Geographical Discoveries: Explorations led to the discovery of new lands and the expansion of European empires.
4. Nation States: The Renaissance saw the rise of nation states and the decline of feudalism.
5. Printing Press: The invention of the printing press revolutionized communication and the dissemination of knowledge.
6. Patrons of the Arts: Wealthy patrons, such as the Medicis and Sforzas, supported artists and scholars.

Religious Music

1. Germany: German composers, such as Heinrich Isaac, developed complex polyphonic masses and

How many pitch classes are in the chromatic scale?

12

Which Major scale is this one? (1)

Eb

The subdominant is Scale degree 4

What pitch is a whole step above B natural? C#

Describe the interval in the second box: (2)

6th

Semibreve is synonymous with Whole note

Rhythm refers to Combination of sounds with different durations that flow around a beat

ABCBA is an example of Arch form

The French horn is A brass wind instrument.

Stringendo means Gradually getting faster.

What does secular music mean?

Any music not written for the church.

The melismatic is a style of singing in which

We sing each syllable of the text over more than five notes.

Kyrie is

An invariable portion of the mass that can be sung at any time throughout the year.

The chorus of a cantiga is

The catchiest... Continue reading "Music Theory Basics" »