Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Antembolic IVC Filter

Indication

Contraindications

• Hemorrhage
• Major surgery
• Multiple trauma
• Internal bleeding
• Intracranial neoplasm
• Pregnancy

Technique

• Fast 4-6 hours before procedure
• Antibiotic Prophylaxis
• Neck Skin asepsis
• Give Local Anesthesia
• Puncture anterior wall of vein (US)
• Evaluate the wire
• Guide the wire into IVC
• Place the sheath
• Remove wire + ensure luminal location
• Cavography to ensure IVC patency, size, locate Renal Vein

Post-op

• Activity/Diet Rest
• Antibiotic therapy
• NSAIDs
• Warfarin
• Venous

Company and Product Description

SMARTT is one of the leading companies in the mobile phone industry. Its most successful product is the SX series of smartphones, but sales of the competing MARVELL M2000 series exceed those of the SX.

Purpose and Method of This Report

The purpose of this report is to show the results of our latest marketing study and suggest strategies to improve our sales over our closest competitor, the MARVELL M2000 series. In order to collect data for this market research, we studied the sales figures for the SMARTT SX and SMP series, and we conducted a survey to learn what features of the MARVELL M2000 our clients and prospective clients preferred over the SX series.

Findings and Conclusions

This has been a successful year for... Continue reading "SMARTT SX Series Marketing Report and Strategies" »

1. Basic Medical Equipment

We know that every piece of gear is vital in emergency medical services. Let's define some key equipment:

Tactical Medical Kit

A tactical medical kit contains medical equipment carried by EMTs. It's designed to meet the team's needs and reduce injuries in operational environments, ultimately promoting successful outcomes.

Medical Diagnostic Equipment

Medical diagnostic equipment aids in diagnosing, monitoring, and treating medical conditions. This includes imaging machines like ultrasound, MRI, PET, CT scanners, and X-ray machines. Some diagnostic equipment can also be used at home, for example, in diabetes management.

First Aid Kit

A first aid kit contains supplies and equipment for providing initial medical assistance.... Continue reading "A Comprehensive Guide to Emergency Medical Services" »

A

• Ache (doler)
• Anaesthetist

B

• Bandages (venda)
• Basin (lavabo)
• Bedpan (cuña)
• Bedspread (colcha)
• Bedrid (encamado)
• Bladder (vejiga)
• Blanket (manta)
• Boil (furúnculo)
• Bruise (moratón)
• Bruise (hematoma)
• Butterflies (puntos de papel)

C

• Chicken Pox (varicela)
• Chilblains (sabañon)
• Chiropodist (podólogo)
• Clips (grapas)
• Constipation (estreñimiento)
• Corn (juanete)
• Cough (tos)
• Cramp (rampa)
• Crutch (muleta)
• Cyst (quiste)

D

• Dermobrader (bisturí eléctrico)
• Dizziness (vértigo)
• Drip (gotero)
• Drip Stand (palo de gotero)

F

• Gallbladder (vesícula biliar)
• Fever (fiebre)
• First Aid (primeros auxilios)
• Flu (gripe)
• Freckles (pecas)

G

• Gauze (gasa)
• Graze (abrasión)

H

• Hoist (grúa)

I

• Itching (picor)

K

• Kidney (riñón)

L

• Lab Technician (técnico de laboratorio)
• Labour (contracción)
• Laces (cordones)
• Lame (cojo)

Insulin Action Times

Understanding the action times of different insulin types is crucial for effective diabetes management. Here's a breakdown:

• Rapid-Acting:
  • Examples: Actrapid or Humulin Regular
  • Onset: 20-30 minutes
  • Peak: 2-4 hours
  • Duration: 6-8 hours
  • Note: Crystalline insulin
• Intermediate-Acting:
  • Examples: Insulatard or Humulin NPH
  • Onset: 45-60 minutes
  • Peak: 6 hours
  • Duration: 12-14 hours
  • Note: Protamine insulin
• Long-Acting:
  • Examples: Monotard or Slow
  • Onset: 60-90 minutes
  • Peak: 8-12 hours
  • Duration: 24 hours
  • Note: 70% zinc

When insulin is administered twice daily, typically 60% is given in the morning and 40% at night.

Managing Nocturnal Hypoglycemia

Nocturnal hypoglycemia with rebound hyperglycemia before breakfast (Somogyi effect) can be managed by checking capillary... Continue reading "Insulin Types, Administration, and Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Diabetes" »

Advantages and Disadvantages of Short-Acting and Long-Acting Benzodiazepines

Short-acting benzodiazepines present a lower risk of causing excessive sleepiness but cause more problems with insomnia and anxiety when discontinued. Long-acting benzodiazepines increase the risk of sedation because they accumulate in the body but cause fewer withdrawal symptoms when discontinued.

Respiratory Monitoring in Patients Treated with Benzodiazepines

You should always monitor SpO2 continuously, as well as the risk of aspiration. It is necessary to have a suction unit ready.

Preventive Technique for Pain Control

It is based on maintaining constant therapeutic levels of analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs. Medication should be administered at the scheduled interval,... Continue reading "Benzodiazepines and Opioids: Uses, Effects, and Safety" »

Kidney Function and Failure

Functions:

• Clean the blood and remove extra fluid
• Keep your body chemicals in balance
• Filter out waste products
• Control blood pressure and red blood cell production

Kidney Failure:

Occurs when kidneys stop working or when their function is less than 15%. This results in a build-up of fluid and chemical wastes, which is life-threatening unless treated by dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Uremia

Uremia occurs when waste products build up in the blood. Symptoms include:

• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Itching

Treatment Options for Kidney Failure

Patients with kidney failure have several treatment options:

• Diet and fluid management
• Kidney transplantation
• Medications
• Kidney dialysis
• Non-treatment (palliative care)

Hemodialysis

In... Continue reading "Kidney Failure and Treatment Options" »

Unit 4: Environmental Issues and Legal Terms

• Auction (Subasta)
• Carbon footprint (Petjada de carbó)
• Court (Jutgat)
• Drought (Sequera)
• Environmentalist
• Exhaust fumes
• Landfill (Abocador)
• Litter (Basura)
• Offense (Delicte)
• Smog (Boira amb fum)
• Source (Font)
• Treasure (Tresor)
• Trial (Judici)
• Waste (Residus)
• Wilderness (Natura)
• Wildlife (Fauna)
• Approach (Enfocament)
• Avoid (Evitar)
• Ban (Prohibició)
• Convict (Condemnat)
• Damage (Fer malbé)
• Disrupt (Interrompre)
• Dump, Exploit, Pollute, Regret, Replace, Supply, Threaten
• Guilty, Outspoken, Unexpected
• Bring about, Charged with, Cut down, Dispose of
• Global warming, Greenhouse effect, Pass laws, Renewable energy, Solar power, Use up, Water shortage, Wipe out

Unit 5: Workplace Vocabulary and Skills

• Chatterbox, Deadline, Knowledge, Overtime,

Present Continuous & Common Verbs

Not keeping, not using, are entering, are lifting, bringing, working

Quantifiers

Some, any, a, an, any, a, some, any, a, an, some, any

Prepositions of Place

Next to, under, on, in, in front of, behind, between

Fastening Techniques

1. Tie up (atar)
2. Zip up (abrochar), button (abotonar)
3. Solder (soldar)
4. Nail (clavar)
5. Staple (grapar), pin (pinchar)
6. Bolt (atornillar)
7. Spread (juntar)
8. Lay (extender)
9. Chain (encadenar), padlock (encadenar)
10. Screw (atornillar)

Safety Warnings

Don't drink this water, wear gloves, lift with care, be careful! Slippery floor, don't smoke, wear protection, don't bring food or drink in here, be careful! Wet paint, keep the aisle clear.

Material Identification

Nylon: nailon, wood: madera, wool: lana, cardboard:... Continue reading "Essential Workplace Safety & Material Guide" »

Risk Evaluation and Assessment

Risk assessment is a process to detect and estimate the magnitude of all enterprise risks, identify those that can be removed, and act on those that cannot be avoided. The assessment provides information to make appropriate decisions, identifying the need for preventive measures and selecting the most suitable ones. To perform a risk assessment, a systematic analysis of all aspects of the workplace is needed, taking into account:

• The nature of the company's activity.
• The characteristics and number of exposed workers.

The risk assessment includes the analysis and evaluation of risk.

Risk Analysis

Risk analysis consists of the following phases:

1. Identifying the Hazard: A hazard is understood as any source of injury, damage