Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Direct Health Consequences of Tobacco Use

Smoking is a direct path to severe health deterioration. Currently, approximately half of the men and a quarter of the women globally engage in smoking. Some mistakenly believe that refraining from smoking is pointless, given that many urban and even rural inhabitants breathe air contaminated with industrial and automobile emissions. This perspective is profoundly incorrect. While vehicle exhaust gases are inherently harmful, a smoker is exposed to far greater dangers.

Increased Occupational Risks and WHO Findings

Consider another example: according to figures from the World Health Organization (WHO), the risk rate is significantly higher among smoking workers in specific industries. These include:

• Heavy

Denture Delivery, Adjustments, and Corrections

Achieving Balanced Bite

Following denture delivery, adjustments and corrections are often necessary to ensure a comfortable and functional fit. This includes:

• Checking the denture's articulation with articulator paper.
• Making occlusal corrections to ensure proper bite alignment.
• Modifying denture contours for optimal aesthetics and function.
• Eliminating areas of overpressure to prevent sore spots and ulcers (trimming sharp edges).

Patient Education and Follow-Up

Patients should be educated on proper denture care and maintenance, including:

• Learning to chew with their new dentures, avoiding pushing the prosthesis with the tongue, and chewing on both sides.
• Starting with soft foods and gradually progressing

Denture Breakage and Repair

To repair a broken denture, ensure the fracture line fits perfectly without any missing material. Create dovetail retentions for the new material, avoiding the edges and focusing on the breaking line. Secure the fragments with a metal splint using wax and glue. Cast the denture's tissue surface with plaster, applying a separating agent. Incorporate auto-curable or thermocurable resin, and consider using metal mesh reinforcements for added strength. Cure the denture in boiling water, then remove the cast and plaster key. Polish the prosthesis with burs and rubbers to eliminate excess material. Note that there might be a slight color difference between the new and old material, but this is not a concern.

Immediate Removable

Trans - across

Re - again

Super - big / more than normal

Extra - outside

Hyper - very big / much more than normal

Anti - against

Pro - in favour of

Examples:

• Overeat: eat too much
• Unpaid: not paid enough
• Ex-girlfriend: former girlfriend
• Under-charge: por debajo
• Pro-European: europeo a tope
• Intercontinental o transcontinental:
• Anti-war: anti guerra
• Superstar: superestrella
• Retaking: volver a hacer
• Supermarket

We sometimes use a hyphen (-) after a prefix, especially when:

• The prefix ends with the same letter that the word begins with.
• The word is a name, which begins with a capital letter.
• After the prefix ex-.

Introduction

Fats are an essential nutrient that provides the densest energy source. They are also involved in the formation of sex hormones, bile, and vitamin D. However, not all fats are created equal. Some fats, such as saturated and trans fats, can be harmful to health, while others, such as unsaturated fats, can be beneficial.

Types of Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are the building blocks of fats. They are classified into three main types:

• Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the carbon atoms in their chain.
• Monounsaturated fatty acids have one double bond between the carbon atoms in their chain.
• Polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds between the carbon atoms in their chain.

Saturated fats are typically found in animal... Continue reading "Essential Fatty Acids: Understanding Their Role in Health and Disease" »

Academic Pursuits

School Life

Navigating the school environment involves understanding terms like 'level' (nivel), 'boarding' (internado), 'campus', 'deadline' (fecha límite), and more. From pupils (alumnos) to professors, the academic journey begins here. Students tackle subjects, attend seminars (cursos de materia), hand in assignments (trabajos), and strive to graduate. Some might struggle, getting stuck (atascado) on challenging material, while others excel, passing with flying colors (pasar brillantemente). Unfortunately, some students might skip class (hacer campana), disrupt lessons, or even face expulsion. It's important to address issues like bullying (intimidar) to create a positive learning environment.

University Life

The university... Continue reading "Academic Journey and Lifestyle Choices" »

The Rise of Plastic Surgery Among Teenagers

The prevalence of plastic surgery has significantly increased among teenagers. Nowadays, this type of surgery is sought by countless individuals aiming to fulfill their desired physical appearance.

The Limitations of Cosmetic Procedures

Personally, I believe that you cannot expect plastic surgery to solve all personal problems. Plastic surgery will not make you a fundamentally different person.

Psychological Risks and Addiction

Moreover, surgery can be addictive. The compulsion to change one’s body is often a symptom of a deeper mental instability, especially because as time changes, so do the standards of beauty.

Key psychological factors include:

• Trend Following: Underage individuals often follow fleeting

Initial Encounter

The Caterpillar and Alice looked at each other for some time in silence. At last the Caterpillar took the hookah out of its mouth, and addressed her in a languid, sleepy voice.

Question of Identity

“Who are YOU?” said the Caterpillar.

This was not an encouraging opening for a conversation. Alice replied, rather shyly, “I—I hardly know, sir, just at present—at least I know who I WAS when I got up this morning, but I think I must have been changed several times since then.”

“What do you mean by that?” said the Caterpillar sternly. “Explain yourself!”

“I can't explain myself, I'm afraid, sir,” said Alice, “because I'm not myself, you see.”

“I'm afraid I can't put it more clearly,” Alice replied very politely,... Continue reading "Alice's Encounter with the Caterpillar" »

Part One. This Hard Land

In the first part of the book, De León discusses the steps that were taken to result in the system, 'Prevention Through Deterrence,' that is in place today to prevent migrants from coming into America. He also expands upon the ideas of the hybrid collectif and 'Prevention Through Deterrence' by arguing that the United States deliberately funnels migrants through the Sonoran Desert so that various human and nonhuman actants do the 'brutal work' for Border Patrol. He also uses the phrase bare life to describe those that have died and their death means nothing. This phrase is used to describe many migrants who lost their lives while attempting to cross. De León notes how there are very few posters set up in Mexico that... Continue reading "Unveiling the Truth: Migrant Journeys and Border Realities" »