Essential Grammar: Parts of Speech and Sentence Structure
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Personal Pronouns: Tonic and Toneless Forms
Tonic (Stressed) Pronouns
- 1st Person Subject: I, we (including forms like nosotros/as)
- 1st Person Complement/Object: me, us
- 2nd Person Subject: you (singular), you/ye (plural, including vosotros)
- 2nd Person Complement/Object: you (singular), you/yourselves (plural)
- 3rd Person Subject: he, she, it, they
- 3rd Person Complement/Object: him, her, it, them (including various clitic interpretations)
Toneless (Unstressed) Pronouns
These forms often function as clitics:
- 1st Person Complement: me, us (nos)
- 2nd Person Complement: te, you (os/ye)
- 3rd Person Complement: lo, la, lo, los, las, se, le, les (including various combinations)
Adverbs and Their Functions
- Place: here, there, yonder, near, far, up, down, in front, behind,