Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

St. Valentine’s Day

1. During Lupercalia: (a) young men and women were paired.
2. Why did Emperor Claudius II cancel all marriages and engagements? (c) Because he needed men for his army.
3. Why was Valentine dragged to jail? (d) Because he disobeyed the emperor.
4. Valentine died in love. TRUE: “It is said that, before his execution, Valentine himself had fallen in love with the jailer’s daughter.”
5. St. Valentine’s Day is no longer a Roman Catholic festivity today. TRUE: “In 1969 it was dropped from the Roman Catholic calendar as a designated feast day.”
6. Nowadays there are more Valentine’s cards than Christmas cards sold in the US. FALSE: “Today, over 1 billion Valentine’s cards are sent in the US – second in number only to Christmas cards.

Reading Comprehension

Sniffer Bees

Sniffer bees: C(a new use)-D(learn)-C(sends)-C(fit)-C(tiny)-B(they don’t)-A(are not)-A(diagnosis)

The Statues of Easter Island

The statues of Easter Island: C(is the most isolated)-B(are larger)-C(played)-C(land)-B(the inhabitants had eaten)-A(the Rapanui were fighting)-C(died of illness)-B(the Rapanui don’t)

Festival Entrepreneurs

Festival entrepreneurs: C(they are more diverse)-B(the tickets sell)-D(has plans)-A(you can make new)-A(you can travel without)-B(inconvenience)-B(companies like)-A(the economic)

Britain’s New Eco-Towns

Britain’s new eco-towns: D(no cars in)-C(land that was originally)-C(to use less water)-D(eco-towns are not green)-B(traffic)-C(tend to)-C(backing for)-A(harvested)

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Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar

Vocabulary

• Script: guió
• Access - accessible
• Anxiety - anxious
• Romance - romantic
• Succeed – Succession
• Choose – choice
• Entertain – entertainment
• Grow – growth
• Live – life
• Produce – production
• Separate – separation
• Supply –

Phrasal Verbs

• Get through à fer-se entendre, connectar (to get through à to make oneself understood, to connect)
• Get round à voltejar, molestar en fer algo (to get around à to circumvent, to bother while doing something)
• Get over à superar (to get over à to overcome)
• Get down à deprimir, cansar (to get down à to depress, to tire)
• Get away à sortir-se’n (to get away à to get away with it)
• Get into à interesar-se, ficar-se en algo (to get into à to become interested, to get

Medical & Everyday Vocabulary

English to Spanish Terms

• Tablet: Comprimido
• Stomach ache: Dolor de estómago
• It's twenty past one: Son la 1:20
• Neck: Cuello
• Low cholesterol: Colesterol bajo
• Iron: Hierro
• Elbow: Codo
• Lotion: Loción
• Shoulder: Hombro
• Cream: Crema
• Onion: Cebolla

Spanish to English Terms

• Mano: Hand
• Oreja: Ear
• Nariz: Nose
• Espalda: Back
• Carne: Meat
• Pescado: Fish
• Vegetales: Vegetables
• Productos lácteos: Dairy products

Pharmacy Dialogues

Dialogue 1: Spanish Interaction

• Pharmacist: Buenos días, ¿puedo ayudarle?
• Patient: Sí, esto me duele.
• Pharmacist: ¿Le duele la garganta?
• Patient: Sí, me duele la garganta.

Dialogue 2: English Pharmacy Visit

• Pharmacist: Hello, Ochoa Pharmacy. May I help you?
• Patient: I'm not feeling well. I feel dizzy and I have a bad headache.

Mastering Causative Verbs: "Have Something Done"

This section demonstrates how to transform active sentences into causative structures using the verb "have" (or "get"), focusing on situations where the subject arranges for an action to be performed by someone else.

Example:

• John will have someone bring him the post. (John will have the post brought to him.)

Practice Sentences:

• The make-up artist was applying the model's lipstick. (The model was having lipstick applied.)
• Ask the cook to prepare the vegetables. (Have the vegetables prepared.)
• Have you told the accountant to check the figures? (Have you had the figures checked?)
• Jim hates the teacher correcting his mistakes. (Jim hates having his mistakes corrected.)
• Did the beautician paint Joanne's nails?

Synonyms and Antonyms: Enhance Your Vocabulary

Common Expressions and Feelings

• Ready: In place
• Resemble: Take after
• Move from childhood to adulthood: Grow up
• Prove to be the case: Turn out
• Really depressed: Down in the dumps
• Really happy: Over the moon
• Became really angry: Fly off the handle
• An annoying person or thing: Pain in the neck
• A very kind personality: Heart of gold
• Run a gentle pace: Jog
• Extremely unhappy: Heartbroken
• Extremely thin: Skinny
• Slightly hungry: Peckish
• Overweight: Obese
• Look at something quickly: Glance
• Grumpy: Bad-tempered
• Bullying: Hurting
• Grim: Worrying
• Tempting: Appealing
• Big, not long: Large
• Recommend: Advise
• In the end: Eventually
• Place where waste is taken and left: Rubbish dump
• Help someone to remember something: Remind
• Using up a supply

Major Health Concerns: Understanding Risks & Prevention

Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are serious conditions characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. They can have significant physical and psychological consequences.

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives. These episodes are often accompanied by a deep sense of guilt and a feeling of loss of control.

Effects of Bulimia Nervosa:

• Esophageal rupture
• Cardiac arrhythmia
• Anxiety
• Dehydration
• Menstrual disorders or amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
• Sudden weight fluctuations (reduction or increase)
• Increased

1. Lift Weights

Lifting weights is one of the best, fastest, and most effective ways to burn fat. Muscle mass is very important. Weight lifting helps you keep and expand it.

• Your body's metabolism will have to do more work (i.e., burn more calories) in order to sustain your muscle, even if you're just sitting down watching TV!
• You get a nice after-workout extra calorie burn for up to 38 hours.
• You're going to look amazing underneath your fat tissue, so once it's gone, you'll look toned and great, not soft and skinny!
• It is recommended that you do at least 3-4 workouts a week.
  • If you are doing 3 days, go for compound exercises to maximize time!
  • If you can do 4 workouts a week, an upper body/lower body split is recommended again to make the most of

Caffeine and Societal Impact

Why Coffee is Considered a Drug

Coffee is considered a drug because it contains caffeine, a psychoactive substance that stimulates the central nervous system.

The Simplicity of Coffee Consumption

People generally agree on how to drink coffee because it's typically a straightforward process: simply pouring it into a cup and drinking it. However, preparation methods and additions vary widely.

Health Risks of Caffeine Tablets in Coffee

Adding caffeine tablets to coffee is not considered healthy. Excessive caffeine intake, especially from concentrated sources, can lead to adverse health effects and is generally not recommended.

Vocabulary: Coffee & Related Terms

• Soon: As early as possible
• Custom: One's usual coffee order

Describing People: Appearance and Characteristics

Appearance and Characteristics

• Q: What does she look like? A: She's tall with red hair.
• Q: How old is she/he? A: She's about 32.
• Q: How tall is she/he? A: She's 1 meter 88. / He's quite short.
• Q: How long is her/his hair? A: It's short-medium.

Mastering 'Have' and 'Has'

Affirmative and Negative Forms

• Subject-Verb Agreement:
  • She, He, It = Has
  • I, You, We, They = Have
• Negative Forms: I haven't / She hasn't

Asking About Experiences (Present Perfect)

• Q: Have you been to a jazz club?
  • (+) Yes, I've been to several.
  • (-) No, I haven't been to one.
• Q: Has she ridden in a streetcar?
• Q: Has he called home lately?

Asking for and Giving Suggestions

Travel Recommendations

• Q: What can I do in Mexico?
  • A: You can see the...
  • A: You