Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Essential Oil Chromatography and Chemical Properties

This document summarizes key chemical data and procedures related to the chromatographic separation and analysis of essential oils, focusing on techniques like Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC).

Aim of the Chromatographic Exercise

The primary objective of this laboratory exercise is:

• Chromatographic division of essential oils using two-way TLC chromatography.

Essential Oil Composition

Essential oils are complex mixtures of compounds that belong to several major chemical classes. These include:

• Terpenes
• Sesquiterpenes
• Aldehydes
• Alcohols
• Ketones
• Acids

Reagents and Solvents for Analysis

Extraction Reagent for Azulene Oils

The specific reagent used to extract oils containing azulene is:

Benzene

Chromatographic

Darwin and the Theory of Evolution

General Facts About Darwin

• He explained how natural selection could produce evolution.
• The HMS Beagle adventure: a five-year round-the-world trip to make maps.
• He recorded data (notes and pictures) and collected specimens.
• The experience in the Galapagos Islands. Darwin was shocked by the great variability in the islands.
• The famous Galapagos finches: beaks designed for different food. Did they come from just one species?
• He came up with an idea that was not new, but he was the first one making enough arguments to persuade people that evolution happens.

History of Darwin and Wallace

Darwin was born in 1809 in Shrewsbury, England. He belonged to a wealthy family. His father and grandfather were both physicians. He started... Continue reading "Darwin, Mendel, Landsteiner, and Arsuaga: Key Figures in Science" »

Travel and Tourism Keywords

Travel agent, peak season, downside, destination, wildlife conservation, stunning, habitat, tour operator, policy, waste, range, flora and fauna, carbon footprints, biodiversity, fragile environment, pollute, under threat, increasing in popularity, itinerary, on the rise, ecotourism, endangered species, last-remaining, facing a crisis, dedicated, passengers, ecological damage, wilderness, landscape, raising animals, crops, campsites, off the beaten track, self-catering, Youth hostels, board and lodging, backpackers, go on a trek, vacate rooms

Commonly Misspelled Words

impact-, accounts-, devoted-, classified-, -particular, equal-, (to, in, on, for, as)

Travel-Related Vocabulary

settle, dish, at dawn, merely, on the move,... Continue reading "The Impact of Tourism: Balancing Exploration with Conservation" »

Essential Travel Phrases, Idioms, and Vocabulary

Travel Actions and Phrasal Verbs

• Taxied (e.g., an aircraft moving on the ground before takeoff or after landing)
• Take off (e.g., an aircraft leaving the ground; to begin a journey quickly)
• Give you a lift (offer someone a ride in a vehicle)
• Delayed (postponed or running late)
• Boarded (got on a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle)
• Rest (relax or cease activity)
• Head for: Go in the direction of a particular place.
• Come up with: Think of or produce an idea or plan.
• Turn out: Attend or take part in an event; or to happen in a particular way.
• Come across: Find something or meet someone by chance.
• Get about / Get around: Move from place to place.
• See off: Go to an airport, station, etc., to say goodbye to someone

Patronage

Patronage is the financial support that clients or customers give to a business.

Peak Hours

Peak hours are the times during the day when a business is very busy.

Peel

A peel is a skincare product that is applied to the face and then peeled off. It removes dead skin by pulling it off.

To Peel

To peel is to lose the top layer of skin.

To Pluck

To pluck something is to pull something out from somewhere.

Ramp

A ramp is a road which cars use to drive onto a major road.

Rash

A rash is an area of skin that is red with raised spots.

Receptionist

A receptionist is someone who answers phones, greets visitors, and initially deals with clients.

Regimen

A regimen is a plan for treating a condition.

Repeat Client

A repeat client is someone who visits the same business... Continue reading "Essential Beauty & Salon Industry Terminology" »

Navigating Cultures

Concepts: Appropriate, Awkward, Culture Gap, Fit In, Foreign, Language Barrier, Manners, Misconception, Narrow-minded, Open-minded, Outlook, Roots, Rude, Sensitive, Straightforward, Subtle, Tend To

Text: Anxiety, Attempt To, Heritage, Long For, Lose Touch With, Overwhelming, Resentful, Stay Behind, Trembling, Untouched

Phrasal Verbs

• Call On
• Carry Out
• Dress Up
• Make Of
• Show Off
• Stand Up For
• Stick To

Collocations

• Catch a Cold
• Catch by Surprise
• Catch Sight Of
• Catch Someone Red-Handed
• Catch Someone’s Eye
• Fall Asleep
• Fall Ill
• Fall in Love
• Fall into Place
• Fall Out of Favor
• Lose Count
• Lose One’s Nerve

Safety First

Concepts: Burn, Burn Down, Catch Fire, Choking, Collide, Concerned, Crash, Distract, Drown, Ensure, Faulty, Knock Over, Lifeguard, Safety... Continue reading "Navigating Culture, Safety, and Sports: Key Vocabulary" »

Katisha Hotel Performance Improvement Report

As requested at the Board meeting of March 14^th, here is my report.

Report Objective and Structure

The main aim in writing this report is to bring Katisha Hotel in line with the other hotels in the group. It is based on the last meeting with the Business Development Director of GS International and on the graph we have seen. This report will review the most important problems that are currently impacting efficiency and causing us to lose our most valuable assets. I have divided the report into three sections: Background, Findings, and Recommendations.

Current Challenges: Staff Attrition and Demotivation

Declining Staff Retention

As discussed in the last meeting, we are losing our skilled managers to other... Continue reading "Katisha Hotel Performance Improvement Plan: Staff Retention & Guest Satisfaction" »

Fourth Death from Flu Confirmed in Aragon

A few minutes ago, it was confirmed that the fourth death in Aragon was due to the flu. A report from the European Union indicates that less than 60 percent of people are getting vaccinated.

Younger Population Suspicions

Experts are concerned about the younger population's distrust of the flu vaccine. Only 57% of the population is at risk of being vaccinated against the flu, according to the European Union's data from 2008-2012.

Risks for Under 65s

Those under 65 years old are the most concerning group for experts. Lack of confidence in the vaccine is still prevalent.

Severity of the Flu

Flu is a serious disease, especially for individuals with underlying health issues. One in three hospitalized for seasonal... Continue reading "Flu Vaccination Concerns and Recommendations in Aragon" »

Language Learning

accent, bilingual, cognate, comment on, false friend, fluently, have a chat, idiom, keep in touch, meaning, mother tongue, proverb, saying, second language, slang, speak in public, spread a rumour/gossip, synonym, translation, blogger, chatroom, cookies, cyberbully, delete an account, follower, go online, hacker, internet addiction, post an update, post sth online, profile update, retweet, safe site, screen time, shop online, social network, status update, tweet, unread mail, user, wireless connection, zoom in, call back (RETURN SOMEBODY'S CALL OR CALL THEM AGAIN), cut sb off (SUDDENLY STOP A CALL), get through (BECOME CONNECTED), hang up (FINISH A PHONE CALL), listen in, make a call (RING UP), quieten down (BECOME QUIETER)... Continue reading "Language Learning and Sports Vocabulary: A Comprehensive List" »

Unit Test 3 Level 2

Vocabulary

1

• 1. Prevented 6. Wealthy
• 2. Purchased 7. Called off
• 3. Disease 8. Doubtful
• 4. Increased 9. Venue
• 5. Talked back

2

• 1. Huge hit 5. Lucky break
• 2. Join 6. Improve
• 3. Compete 7. Provide
• 4. Contestants 8. Fascinating

Grammar

3

• 1. Had / got … painted 5. Had spread
• 2. Would continue 6. Will have set
• 3. Hasn’t met 7. Hadn’t lost
• 4. Will … be selected

4

1. I haven’t eaten chocolate for six months.
2. How long have you been running marathons?
3. Sally admitted losing / that she had lost my camera.
4. Our photos were taken by a photographer. / We had/got our photos taken.

5

1. By the time the bus arrived, I’d been waiting (for) an hour.
2. He couldn’t remember where he had left his phone.
3. Had the table been set?
4. (They) Don’t keep their rooms tidy.
5. They