Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Latin

OR GROUP CARACTERIZACIÓN-NOS-STROKE

Common to the group are the following characteristics:

• A wealthy social attraction to ideology, conceiving Galicia as a base country.
• Labrego (peasant) rigor in training and notoriety in all undergraduate degrees.
• Knowledge of the Galician language as creators of modern prose.

In the group and the project, the emblematic director Vicente Risco appears, accompanied by Noguerol, Pedrayo, Cuevillas, and Anxel Castelao Casal. A magazine marked a cultural objective for universal Galician culture.

VICENTE RISCO

There are three stages in his work:

• Pregaleguista: Characterized by intellectual individualism, irrationalism, and critical science, where critical appraisal of science gives way to the belief that the human being

Constitución de 1876

El sistema de la Restauración se equipó con una nueva constitución que heredó un carácter moderado de la de 1845. Las Cortes Constituyentes, de mayoría canovista, se reunieron. En ellas se discutió y aprobó un proyecto redactado por Alonso Martínez, aunque su verdadera inspiración fue Cánovas del Castillo.

Principales Características de la Constitución

• Soberanía compartida entre las Cortes y el Rey. Esto significaba la negación de la idea de soberanía nacional.
• Cortes Bicamerales. El Senado, no el Congreso elegido, representaba a las clases poderosas del país. Se distinguían:
  • Senadores 'de derecho propio': Grandes jerarquías de España, eclesiásticas y militares.
  • Senadores 'vitalicios': Nombrados por el Rey.

Medieval Spanish Prose

Early Castilian Prose

• Alfonsine Prose: Initiated by Alfonso X the Wise, considered the creator of Castilian prose.
• Literary Prose (14th Century): Literary prose flourished, exemplified by authors like Pero López de Ayala, who introduced a historical genre with a humanistic spirit.

Don Juan Manuel and El Conde Lucanor

Don Juan Manuel, a prominent author of the 14th century, is renowned for El Conde Lucanor (also known as Libro de Patronio). This collection comprises 50 classic tales, many of Eastern origin, through which Count Lucanor receives instruction and moral guidance from his wise servant and adviser, Patronio.

Poema de Mio Cid: An Epic Masterpiece

The Poema de Mio Cid is the oldest preserved Castilian epic poem. It is... Continue reading "Key Works and Literary Movements of Medieval Spanish Literature" »

Prominent Spanish Literary Figures of the 20th Century

This section highlights influential Spanish authors who shaped the literary landscape of the 20th century, including key members of the renowned Generation of '27.

Miguel de Unamuno

Miguel de Unamuno was a professor of Greek and rector of the University of Salamanca, where he lived until his death in 1936, except from 1924 to 1930, when he was exiled for his opposition to the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera.

Unamuno's Work and Philosophy

All of Unamuno's work was marked by several religious crises that made him lose faith. His body of work is primarily philosophical, deeply exploring the meaning of human life.

Antonio Machado

Born in Seville in 1875, Antonio Machado obtained a professorship of... Continue reading "Spanish Literary Masters: 20th Century Authors & The Generation of '27" »

Federico García Lorca: Life and Works

Federico García Lorca lived in Madrid since 1919 and died in 1936. He was one of the most interesting contemporary writers and playwrights in Spain. He is the only writer of the Generation of '27 who alternated between theater and poetry. The connection between his poetry and plays are evident in the subject matter, language, and use of symbols. Lorca was a man of the theater. In many of his works, he raises the theme of theater within a play, a great theatrical achievement, as seen in Blood Wedding and Yerma.

Classification of Lorca's Theater

a) Early Theater:

• His first play was The Butterfly's Evil Spell.
• He also began the series Puppets: Cachiporra, born from his love of puppet theater.
• Two popular tragic

Rubén Darío: Pioneer of Modernism

Born in Nicaragua in 1867, Rubén Darío began writing poetry at a very young age. He traveled extensively and, in 1892, worked as a special reporter. He later returned to Nicaragua and served as a European consul. His three most influential works are:

• Blue (1888): Already contains elements of his unique modernism.
• Profane Prose (1896): Consolidates modern aesthetics.
• Cantos de Vida y Esperanza (1905): Represents a major change, retrieving historical roots.

The Generation of '98: Literary and Ideological Evolution

The Generation of '98 was formed by prominent figures such as Pío Baroja, Miguel de Unamuno, Ramiro de Maeztu, Rubén Darío, and Ramón del Valle-Inclán. Their ideological evolution saw a passage from... Continue reading "Influential Spanish Literary Figures and Movements" »

Baroque Culture in Spain

Patronage and Official Culture: During this period, the monarchy and privileged groups devoted themselves to patronage. Official culture was primarily in the hands of universities and colleges. There were also smaller gatherings in colleges and academies focused on artistic and scientific matters.

However, as most of the population was illiterate, information was transmitted orally and visually. This explains the rise of religious instruction through sermons, images, and festivals. In science, Spain did not experience much progress; only at the end of the 17th century were there some notable movements.

Baroque Festivities

Court festivals were organized to exalt the power of the nobility. Religious festivities included *... Continue reading "Baroque in Spain: Culture, Festivities, and Poetry" »

The Conquest and Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula

In the early second century BC, the territories conquered by Rome occupied the east coast of the peninsula (Hispania Citerior) and the south (Hispania Ulterior). The areas that had been colonized by the Phoenicians and Greeks were accepting the presence of Roman territories, while others were opposed to internal resistance. The Lusitanian leader Viriathus became the symbol of resistance, and this caused many problems for the Roman troops. Numantia fell in 133 BC. In 19 BC, the conquest of the peninsula was completed with the Cantabrian Wars, in which Augustus intervened. During the conquest of the peninsula, Rome did not stop founding new cities, contributing to triple Romanization. Around... Continue reading "Roman Conquest of the Iberian Peninsula & Theseus's Legend" »

The Mester de Juglaría

In the Middle Ages, after traditional lyric poetry, a new form of literature in verse emerged. These works are grouped into two trends, or schools, also called mesteres. The Mester de Juglaría refers to the school of literature in verse where jesters entertained audiences with jokes, juggling, and songs.

Epic Compositions

Epic compositions are narratives that explain events related to war. They are stories in verse characterized by a regular meter and assonant rhyme. These extensive compositions, such as the Cantar de Mio Cid with over 3700 verses, tell the hazañas (deeds) of a major national hero who lived through important events or actions for their people.

Origin

Literary scholars debate whether these epics were the... Continue reading "Medieval Spanish Literature: Minstrelsy and Clergy" »

Generation of '98: A New Novel

The authors of the Generation of '98 rejected nineteenth-century realism, coupled with aesthetic concerns. The works of Azorín, Unamuno, Baroja, and Valle-Inclán represent a break with the realist novel. They were no longer interested in the pure reflection of reality, but rather how this is reflected and permeates personal sensitivity. There is a clear artistic concern, more or less intense as the case may be. This affects not only the style but also the narrative structures.

Azorín

His novels are characterized by a mixing between narrative and essay. Argument loses importance and they become, rather, a gallery of characters and typical environments. His works show existential uneasiness and his vision for Spain.... Continue reading "Generation of '98: Authors and Characteristics" »