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Henry James: Exploring American Identity and European Influence

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Henry James (1843-1916)

A Cosmopolitan Life

Born in New York in 1843, Henry James was a true cosmopolite, moving seamlessly between drawing rooms in Europe, England, and America. While he may have felt more at home in Europe, his American roots profoundly influenced his writing. His works often explore the complex relationship between American and European cultures, highlighting the confrontations and contrasts between these two worlds.

Early Influences and Literary Beginnings

In his youth, James's family embarked on a European journey, immersing themselves in the intellectual and cultural landscapes of Switzerland, France, and Germany. Upon returning to America, they settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a hub of intellectual thought. James's... Continue reading "Henry James: Exploring American Identity and European Influence" »

History and Traditions of Valentine's Day

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Valentine's Day

Valentine's Day, also called Saint Valentine's Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is celebrated annually on February 14. Originating as a Western Christian feast day honoring one or two early saints named Valentinus, Valentine's Day is recognized as a significant cultural, religious, and commercial celebration of romance and romantic love in many regions around the world, although it is not a public holiday in any country.


Martyrdom Stories

Martyrdom stories associated with various Valentines connected to February 14 are presented in martyrologies, including a written account of Saint Valentine of Rome's imprisonment for performing weddings for soldiers, who were forbidden to marry, and for ministering to Christians persecuted

... Continue reading "History and Traditions of Valentine's Day" »

Local and Global Extrema, Critical Points, and Saddle Points

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Extremos locales

Definición. Sea f : C → R una función definida en un abierto C ⊆ R n. -Diremos que el punto a ∈ C es un máximo relativo (local) estricto de f si f (a) > f (x) para todo x perteneciente a un entorno reducido de a en C. -Diremos que el punto a ∈ C es un mínimo relativo (local) estricto de f si f (a) < f (x) para todo x perteneciente a un entorno reducido de a en C. -Diremos que el punto a ∈ C es un máximo relativo (local) de f si f (a) > f (x) para todo x perteneciente a un entorno de a en C. -Diremos que el punto a ∈ C es un mínimo relativo (local) de f si f (a) ≤ f (x) para todo x perteneciente a un entorno de a en C. A estos máximos y mínimos los llamaremos extremos locales de f en C.

Extremos

... Continue reading "Local and Global Extrema, Critical Points, and Saddle Points" »

Ancient Rome's Founding: Myths and History

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The Founding of Rome: Between Myth and Reality

The traditional date for the founding of the greatest city of the Western world was the product of guesswork by Roman writers of the late centuries BC, working backward from their own time. There were reports of kings of Rome in the early days before the last of them, Tarquin the Proud, was expelled and the Roman Republic was founded, which was believed to have happened in 510 BC. Allowing for the reigns of Tarquin's predecessors carried the calculation back some two to three hundred years. After ranging shots by various writers, the author Varro, greatly respected for his learning in the first century BC, settled on the year 753 BC, which became the accepted, official date. All subsequent dates... Continue reading "Ancient Rome's Founding: Myths and History" »

Coleridge and Wordsworth: Romanticism, Language, and Imagination

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Coleridge centered on the ideal of Romanticism, representing the self.

  • Description of the supernatural
  • Individuality represented by dreams

These poets embody the movement in literary terms. For Coleridge, poetry is the exponent of Romanticism and is represented as the priority of English literature (a cultural interpretation). The poets consider themselves a kind of leader who helps to understand society. The poet is the one who teaches and guides, leading others to the truth.

Poetry explains to people how the world works. It is a vital way of teaching. Every poet interprets Romanticism in a very different way. The Romantic elements are seen from different points of view as they structure their Romanticism. Wordsworth and Coleridge use very different... Continue reading "Coleridge and Wordsworth: Romanticism, Language, and Imagination" »

Post-War American Literature: Context, Styles & Writers

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Contemporary Literature (1945-Present)

Historical Context

  • Media-Saturated Culture: People observe life as media presents it rather than experiencing life directly.
  • Value Relativity: Insistence that values are not permanent but only "local" or "historical"; media culture interprets values.
  • Post-WWII Prosperity: The economic boom following the Second World War.
  • New Era: People beginning a new century and a new millennium.
  • Social Protest: Increased movements advocating for social change.

Genre and Style Characteristics

  • Blurred Reality: Lines between reality and fantasy are blurred; mix of fantasy and nonfiction.
  • Anti-Heroes: Absence of traditional heroes, featuring anti-heroes instead.
  • Individual Isolation: Concern with the individual in isolation.
  • Tone:
... Continue reading "Post-War American Literature: Context, Styles & Writers" »

Martin Luther King Jr.'s Letter from Birmingham Jail

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What is Parallelism?

Parallelism is a rhetorical device that involves repeating a grammatical structure.

How Did Dr. King Define Just Laws?

Dr. King defined just laws as laws made by a majority that apply to everyone and that respect human dignity.

How Does King View Time?

King views time as a neutral force that must be used proactively to create change.

Why Was King Arrested?

King was arrested for violating a moratorium on demonstrations.

What Did King Think About Being Told to Wait for His Rights?

King believed that African Americans had already waited almost 400 years for their rights and that no rights had ever been gained without demanding them.

What Does Retaliate Mean?

Retaliate means to make an attack in return for a similar attack.

Was Dr. King'

... Continue reading "Martin Luther King Jr.'s Letter from Birmingham Jail" »

Essential Guide to Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes

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Understanding Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes

Prefixes

Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. Here are some common prefixes:

  1. Anti-, Counter-, Contra-: Opposed to, against
  2. Bi-: Having two
  3. Circum-: Around, about
  4. Com-, Con-, Col-, Cor-: With, together
  5. En-: To change to
  6. Ex-: Former, previous
  7. In-, Im-, Il-, Ir-, Un-: Not, not having, lacking
  8. Non-: Not, lacking
  9. Per-: All over, very
  10. Pre-: Before
  11. Trans-: Across, beyond, through
  12. Uni-: Single, one
  13. Ab-: Away, from
  14. Ad-: Motion to, increase in
  15. De-: Down, away
  16. In-, Im-: In, into
  17. Inter-: Between
  18. Mis-: Wrong, wrongly
  19. Post-: After
  20. Pro-: Favoring, forward, for
  21. Re-: Again, back
  22. Semi-: Half, partly
  23. Sub-: Less, beneath, somewhat, later
  24. Super-: Over, above, beyond

Roots

Roots are the core of a word, carrying the... Continue reading "Essential Guide to Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes" »

Essential Poetic Terms and Their Meanings

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Allegory

A narrative with two levels of meaning, one stated and one unstated.

Aubade

A song or poem greeting the sunrise, traditionally a lover's lament that the night's passion must come to an end.

Ballad

Broadly speaking, the ballad is a genre of folk poetry, usually an orally transmitted narrative song. The term "ballad" applies to several other kinds of poetry, including the English ballad stanza, which is a form often associated with the genre.

Blason

A Renaissance genre characterized by a short, catalogue-style description, often of the female body.

Cento

A poem composed entirely of lines from other poems.

Dirge

A funeral song.

Dramatic Monologue

This might be called a "closet soliloquy": a long poem spoken by a character who often unwittingly reveals

... Continue reading "Essential Poetic Terms and Their Meanings" »

Deadlock: Unraveling a Mystery on the Docks

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Deadlock

A complete failure to reach agreement or solve an argument.

The Case of Boom Boom's Death

  1. Boom Boom was an injured hockey player working for Eudora Grain Company; he was found dead.
  2. A ship was tied up at the wharf, and Boom Boom went under as she pulled away. His body was badly chewed up (p. 2).
  3. Why couldn’t the Lucella Wieser take on grain from Eudora’s wharf?
    Someone put water in the holds, and they had to dry them out (page 11).
  4. Eudora’s manager is Clayton Phillips.
  5. Niels Grafalk and Martin were a clever businessman who used to work for Niels, but he left. Niels finds it impossible to accept Martin’s departure.

Vic's Investigation Begins

  1. Vic returns to Boom Boom’s apartment. Someone had torn the place apart, and the watchman was
... Continue reading "Deadlock: Unraveling a Mystery on the Docks" »