Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Language

Caretaker Speech

- It is the characteristically simplified speech style adopted by someone who spends a lot of time interacting with a young child.

- Frequent questions, always with exaggerated intonation.

- It is characterized by simple sentence structures and frequent repetition.

- These simplified models serve as clues to the basic structural organization

Pre-language stages

Pre-linguistic sounds of very early stages are called ‘cooing’ and ‘babbling’

-3-10 months: 3 stages of sound production:

Cooingà first recognizable sounds: /k/ /g/ /i/ /u/.

Babblingà a number of different vowels, fricative consonants (/f/ /v/ /s/...) and nasal consonants (/m/ /n/...) and syllable type sounds (mu; da)

-By 9 months (babbling stage): recognizable intonation... Continue reading "Stages of Child Language Development: Caretaker Speech to Telegraphic Speech" »

Intro:

In real life, we should not judge people solely on their appearances. There are many people who appear to be trustworthy but in reality, are not. The reason why the authors use deceptive appearances in characters as a tool to drive the plot forward and convey the thematic idea that individuals are struggling between personal justice and national peace.

Macbeth's Use of Appearance and Reality

Later on, the main character of Macbeth uses the distinction between appearance and reality in order to hide their true intentions. This is spoken about by Duncan in relation to the betrayal by the previous Thane of Cawdor: "There's no art to find the mind's construction in the face." This foreshadows Duncan's inability to see the truth behind the façade,... Continue reading "The Deceptive Nature of Appearances in Macbeth" »

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12-dodec

13-tridec

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15-pentadec

16-hexadec

17-heptadec

18-octadec

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20-icos

21-henicos

22-docos

23-tricos

24-tetracos

25-pentacos

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2- et

3-prop

4-but

5-pent

6-hex

7-hept

8-oct

9-non

10-dec

11-undec

12-dodec

13-tridec

14-tetradec

15-pentadec

16-hexadec

17-heptadec

18-octadec

19-nonadec

20-icos

21-henicos

22-docos

23-tricos

24-tetracos

25-pentacos

Prepositions

Prepositions are short words (on, in, to) that usually stand in front of nouns (sometimes also in front of gerund verbs).

Types of Prepositions

• Prepositions of Time
• Prepositions of Place
• Prepositions of Direction/Movement
• Prepositions of Agent
• Prepositions of Instrument
• Phrasal Prepositions

Prepositions of Time

A preposition of time allows you to discuss a specific time period, such as a date on the calendar, one of the days of the week, or the actual time something takes place. Prepositions of time are the same words as prepositions of place; however, they are used in a different way.

• at: for a precise time.

Example: I have a meeting at 9 am.

• in: for months, years, centuries, and long periods.

Example: Paul was born in 1992.

• on: for days and

Database Keys and Normal Forms

You guarantee uniqueness by designating a Primary Key (PK) - a column or set of columns that contains unique values for a table.

Foreign Key (FK) is a column in one table that references the primary key of another table.

Database Normal Forms

First Normal Form (1NF)

It states that all column values must be atomic.

Second Normal Form (2NF)

A table is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and every non-key column is fully dependent on the entire PK. That is, tables should store data relating to only one “thing” (or entity), and that entity should be fully described by its primary key.

Third Normal Form (3NF)

A table is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and if all non-key columns are mutually independent.

Database Integrity Rules

Entity Integrity

Gender Inequality in Classic Plays

Introduction: Societal Context

In the literary works A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen (published in Norway, 1879) and A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams (published in the US, 1947), discrimination against women is strongly evident. Throughout history, societies and cultures have often placed women at a disadvantage compared to men. This disparity can be witnessed through the characterizations, the language, and the societal context presented in these plays.

Characterization: Portraying Female Vulnerability

Characterization effectively portrays the plays' themes by defining each character's role. Both Nora in A Doll's House and Stella in A Streetcar Named Desire often appear weak and vulnerable when confronted... Continue reading "Gender Inequality in A Doll's House & Streetcar" »

Unit 4: Fashion Vocabulary

Style Adjectives, Verb Collocations, and Clothing

• Style Adjectives:
  • Brand new
  • Comfortable
  • Designer
  • High street
  • On-trend
  • Practical
  • Retro
  • Second hand
  • Unique
  • Vintage
• Verb Collocations:
  • Dress to impress
  • Dress well
  • Follow fashion
  • Look good
  • Make a good impression
  • Make a statement
• Clothing:
  • Accessory
  • Cast-offs
  • Classic
  • Dress-code
  • Garment
  • Gear
  • Must-have
  • Outfit
  • Replicas
  • Trend

Phrasal Verbs and Adjectives with Prepositions

• Phrasal Verbs:
  • Catch on
  • Dress up
  • Go with
  • Pull on
  • Wrap up
• Adjectives + Prepositions:
  • Accustomed to
  • Amazed at
  • Annoyed at
  • Anxious about
  • Ashamed of
  • Attached to
  • Aware of
  • Capable of
  • Characteristic of
  • Conscious of
  • Excellent at
  • Familiar with
  • Indifferent to
  • Ready for
  • Responsible with
  • Satisfied with
  • Serious about
  • Shocked at
  • Sorry for

Blogging Tips for Students

Most of the following instructions will apply to written blogs, but the principles apply to all formats.

• Adopt a conversational, chatty style. Avoid cliches, jargon, academic language, and acronyms.
• Put some serious work into your intro – is it intriguing, engaging, and different?
• Always use specific examples, perhaps based on personal experience. Don't generalize or waffle on about challenges and passion.
• Use common nouns as much as you can: "boots" and "apples" are much more evocative words than "footwear" and "produce".
• Try to find recent research or media coverage about your topic, and link to it in your blog.
• Check your facts. These pieces are going on the Guardian site, so they need to be factually accurate. There'

Steinbeck's Novel: Of Mice and Men

Author's Life and Novel Connections

Write a concise phrase relating each aspect of the author to a particular novel aspect, or conversely, each novel detail to a detail of the author’s life. (3 points each)

Be certain to stay on topic and not wander from the question.

1. Geographic setting: The setting is a ranch in Soledad, California. Steinbeck was born in California.
2. Particular names and observations of flora and fauna: Steinbeck lived in a small rural town. He spent his summers working on nearby ranches and later on sugar beet farms. His descriptions of flora and fauna are influenced by what he saw and experienced.

Regional Work Details (True/False)

(2 points each)

1. Most farm workers live in a room attached to the