Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Geography

The Inter-War Economic Period and Crisis

The inter-war period was characterized by a clash between countries promoting private initiative, countries where dictatorships triumphed, and countries where the proletariat and fascism were emerging.

Economic Stages (1920-1928)

Between 1920 and 1928, there were three distinct economic stages:

• Economic Boom: Due to the conversion of war industries and reconstruction.
• Stabilization: The United States provided credits to European countries for reconstruction.
• Expansion: New industries and production methods emerged.

Factors Leading to the 1929 Crash

Towards the end of the 1920s, a series of factors led to the crash:

• War Debts: Physical destruction caused by wars was recovered through credits, leading to debt.
• Shift

19th Century Industrialization in Catalonia

Key Industries

• Textile Industry: Experienced a significant boom in the 19th century.
• Mining Sector: Did not experience the same level of growth as the textile industry.
• Metallurgical Industry: Initiated by Bonaplata and continued by terrestrial and marine engineers.
• Chemical Industry: Specialized in dyes for textile printing and washing.
• Cork Industry: Saw an expansion in the production of spirits and wines.
• Paper Manufacturing: Growth in paper production.

The Labor Movement

Working Conditions

Workers faced extremely difficult conditions:

• Low wages
• Long working hours, up to 15 hours a day
• Precarious working environments with noise, extreme temperatures, and poor ventilation
• Poor nutrition and lack of rest
• Frequent