Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Geography

Cuyo Environments

Subregions

Front Range

This consists of high mountain ranges of up to 6,000 meters above sea level, separated by river drainage systems.

Main Range

The highest peaks are located east of the continuous line of high peaks. The height decreases progressively towards the south. Permanent snow exists at high altitudes. Its slopes are covered with boulders that slip into the valleys, creating alluvial fans. At the base of these fans, water emerges as springs, forming prairie wetlands.

Precordillera of La Rioja, San Juan, and Mendoza

It consists of a series of parallel ranges with flat summits separated by narrow valleys. Active earthquake faults are present at the eastern edge. The precordillera shapes the hydrography of the area, forcing... Continue reading "Cuyo Region: Geography, Economy, and Culture" »

Phases of the Hunting Resource Management Process

Compilation of Information

Data Analysis

Plan Development

Definition and Principles of Hunting Resource Management

This technique aims to improve hunting resources. It involves analyzing, diagnosing, and planning a specific area.

Purpose

• Provide guidelines for responsible and sustainable resource management.

Objectives

• Achieve optimal state and productivity.
• Manage hunting activities in conjunction with other land uses.
• Maximize economic and environmental benefits.

The management process includes two parts:

• Planning: Develops a program based on a thorough study of the territory.
• Management: Implements the proposed plan, establishing land management guidelines.

PTGC: Planning Tools for Hunting

PTGC (Planning

Classification of Natural Resources

Natural resources are classified into:

• Renewable Natural Resources: Those that can be maintained or even increased. They are of two types:
  • Apparent Renewable Resources: Water, soil, air.
  • True Renewable Resources: Flora and fauna (with the ability to reproduce).
• Non-Renewable Natural Resources: Those that exist in specific quantities and can be depleted through overexploitation. Major non-renewable natural resources include:
  • Minerals
  • Metals
  • Oil
  • Natural gas
  • Groundwater storage
• Infinite or Inexhaustible Natural Resources: Those that are not exhausted, regardless of the number of productive activities that humans perform. These include:
  • The Sun
  • Energy of ocean waves and wind
  • Nuclear or atomic energy

Environmental Offer and

Spanish Agriculture

Types of Agriculture

Market Agriculture

Tupo agriculture focuses on producing a large surplus for sale. It achieves high yields and productivity through mechanization, seed selection, fertilizers, and pesticides, often using intensive land management.

Traditional/Subsistence Agriculture

This type of agriculture yields low output, primarily for family consumption. It's characterized by extensive land use, limited mechanization, and minimal use of modern techniques like seed selection or pesticides.

Sharecropping

In this lease arrangement, the farmer cultivates land they don't own, paying the owner a pre-agreed share of the harvest.

Lease

A type of ownership where the farmer doesn't own the land and pays the owner a monetary fee.

Livestock

Cattle

With... Continue reading "Spanish Agriculture: An Overview of Practices and Policies" »

Land Use Forms and Influence on Ownership Structure

We understand the process of restocking, demographic occupation, and economic exploitation of the territory reconquered from the Muslims between the 8th and 15th centuries. Different models of recruitment marked the ownership structure and social organization throughout peninsular history. Traditionally, four models of recruitment are identified: Repopulation by Aprisio, Concejil, of Military Orders, and by Distribution or Nobility.

• The first was the most used in the 8th and 10th centuries and affected the lands north of the Douro River and the foothills of the Pyrenees. It involved the occupation of land inhabited by the presura system. The result was the emergence of small and medium-sized

Key Concepts of Urban Development

Defining a City

A city is characterized by a high number of inhabitants (typically more than 10,000), a high-density concentration, and continuity of habitat. Key economic activities include services such as transport and trade, as well as industry. Cities exert influence on other regional centers. They feature a distinct type of architecture and urbanism, characterized by tall buildings, skyscrapers, wide boulevards, and a significant dynamism of social relations. Cities are also centers of concentrated functions.

Urban Stakeholders

Various stakeholders play a role in urban development:

• Private Land Owners: Landowners and developers.
• Employers: Industries and service providers.
• Public Authorities: Municipal, provincial,

Understanding Culture

Key Cultural Concepts

• Culture: The set of traditions, customs, and lifestyles of a people or a society.
• Imagined Culture: A collective set of traditions, stories, legends, and myths that a society has created orally over time, forming a shared identity.
• Acculturation: The internal process through which traditions and forms of a collectivity are integrated, leading to cultural change.

Cultural Dynamics and Identity

• Cultural Symbols: Religious beliefs, rites, and group practices that provide a way to perceive the world, justify society, establish kinship systems, and define patterns of behavior (e.g., language).
• Cultural Identity: A sense of belonging to a specific ethnic group or nation.
• Ethnocentrism: The belief that one's own

Analysis of Industrial Density in 1975

Worker Density per Square Kilometer

• Over 30: Madrid, Baleares, Comunidad Valenciana, Catalonia, Basque Country, Asturias, and Cantabria
• 16 to 30: Andalusia, Navarra, Murcia, and Galicia
• 8 to 15: Aragon
• 4 to 7: Extremadura, Castile and León, Castilla La Mancha, and the Canary Islands

Industrial Contrasts: Center vs. Periphery

Spanish industry is primarily located in the periphery, with the exception of Madrid. Key industrial areas include Catalonia, the Basque Country, Asturias, Cantabria, and major inland capitals.

Land Ownership Distribution by Province

Large Estates (Over 50% of Total Land Ownership)

Cáceres, Badajoz, Huelva, Córdoba, Jaén, Ciudad Real, Albacete, and Guadalajara

Smallholdings (Over 50% of Total

Europe and the European Union

Europe's Physical Geography

The European Territory

Europe, a continent of relatively small extension, is located in the Northern Hemisphere between 35° and 72° north latitude. It is characterized by a prevalence of plains.

Key topographical features include:

• Old Mountains: These reliefs are heavily eroded, forming hilly or flat shapes. Examples include the French Massif Central, the Vosges, and parts of the Alps.
• Plains: Extensive plains stretch from France eastward to the Ural Mountains.
• Young Mountains: These ranges feature high altitudes. Notable examples are the Alps, the Apennines, and the Carpathians.

European Natural Environments

Europe exhibits a diverse range of natural environments:

• Tundra: Characterized by a