Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for English

Reported Speech

Verb Tense Changes in Reported Speech

• Present Simple becomes Past Simple
  • -s/-es changes to -ed or irregular verb form
• Present Continuous becomes Past Continuous
  • am/is/are + verb-ing changes to was/were + verb-ing
• Past Simple becomes Past Perfect
  • -ed or irregular verb form changes to had + past participle (3rd column)
• Present Perfect becomes Past Perfect
  • have/has + past participle changes to had + past participle
• Past Perfect remains Past Perfect
  • had + past participle remains had + past participle
• Present Perfect Continuous becomes Past Perfect Continuous
  • have/has + been + verb-ing changes to had + been + verb-ing
• Past Perfect Continuous remains Past Perfect Continuous
  • had + been + verb-ing remains had + been + verb-ing
• Future Simple

Siente que está mucho mejor // Dejando a sus hijos // Cuando se convirtió en profesional // Está solo y no // La esposa de Jules no viajó con // Gracias a la raqueta // Le gusta usar // Reunirse con

Telepatía

No se ha demostrado // Es un científico tradicional // Solo la física puede explicar // No explica la telepatía // Es un libro muy conocido // El poder de la mente // Doblar cucharas es solo un truco // Un experimento de telepatía no es fácil

Perros de audición

Es una organización grande // Para responder a varios sonidos // No mucho después de haber nacido // Es una discapacidad frecuente // Ayuda a las personas a darse cuenta de que el perro // Alrededor de 1800 // Cuánto cambia sordo // Considerar quién será el dueño

¿Las

A Conversation at the Louvre

Part 1: The Mona Lisa

A: It is great to be on our own again.

M: Yes.

A: Is this the first time you have been to the Louvre?

M: Uh-huh.

A: What is the matter? Is this about the meeting because I agreed with Jacques and not with you?

M: Yes, well, we knew it would not be easy working together, I mean.

A: It is difficult for me as well. But if I don't agree with you...

M: I know, you are the boss.

A: And I have to do my job. I really thought that Jacques' idea was better. And so did Scarlett.

M: It is not a big deal, Allie. I am fine, really. So, who exactly was the Mona Lisa?

A: I am not sure. I think she was the wife of a banker.

M: Is that why she is smiling? Because her husband has a good salary?

A: I also read somewhere that... Continue reading "Gender Differences in Reading and Shopping Preferences" »

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES TYPES I, II AND III

Complete these Type I conditional sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. If you like fruit, you should try (try) these peaches.

2. If you heat water to 100°C, it boils (boil). (0 conditional)

3. If it keeps on raining, they will not be able (not / be able) to play the match.

4. “Unless the chair is in the sale,they will not buy (not / buy) it,” my mother said.

5. You should call (call) for a doctor if you really have a temperature.

6. If you rent an apartment by the seaside, you you will have (have) a fantastic holiday.

7. Unless you give me a lift, I will not arrive (not / arrive) in time.

8. You should come (come) here if you want me to explain the exercise.

Decide if the following sentences are Type I or Type

From Adjectives to Adverbs (-ment)

To form adverbs, we add -ly:

• Polite → Politely
• Adjectives ending in -y change to -ily: Happy → Happily
• Adjectives ending in -ic add -ally: Pessimistic → Pessimistically
• Irregular adverbs: Fast → Fast, Hard → Hard, Good → Well

Opposites

• Accepted → Refused
• Complicated → Simple
• Poorer → Wealthier
• Earlier → Later
• Meanness → Generosity
• End → Beginning
• Brilliant → Awful
• Import → Export
• Baggy → Tight
• Fail → Succeed
• Old-fashioned → Modern
• Raise → Lower

Third Conditional

If + Past Perfect (had/hadn't + past participle), would have + past participle

Hypothetical past events (events that didn't happen).
Example: If Mark had left earlier, he would have caught the train.

Comparatives and Superlatives

My Routine in the School Internship

My schedule as an intern teacher. The first two hours I join her in an assembly. There, we teach them the days of the week, to sing the spring song, the weather, what we are going to eat in the dining room, and also plan the activities that we are going to do during the day. They learn all through pictograms. When the class is over, they have breakfast and go to the park.

After the park, I do different activities with one of the students, while the rest of them work with the other teacher. When we finish the activities, they are free to play until lunchtime.

At 13 o'clock, everybody goes to the dining room, and I support the guardian there and try to teach the children good manners at the table.

On Monday and... Continue reading "School Internship Routine and Impact of Bullying on Children" »

White lions are a rare color mutation of lions, known for their stunning white fur. They have short pointy ears and their eyes can be grey, blue, or green. With strong bodies and big teeth, they are truly magnificent creatures.

Home

White lions originally lived in savannas and woodlands, but due to their endangered status, they can now be found in zoos.

Food

White lions typically eat herbivores like zebras and gazelles.

Why Are They the Ideal Pet?

White lions are incredibly rare and more interesting than regular lions or other felines. They are friendly and not aggressive, and they can live up to 25 years. However, it is recommended to have them for a few years and then return them to a reserve.

People's Opinion

While many people believe white lions... Continue reading "White Lions: The Ideal Pet and Amazing Facts" »

Key Differences Between British and American English Vocabulary

Environment

The Importance of Plants

According to the text, "Without plants, man could not survive." This highlights the crucial role of plants in our ecosystem. The text also emphasizes the urgency of the situation, stating, "We are destroying our life-support system at such an alarming rate that it has already become a crisis." Horrifyingly, some flowering species are on the brink of extinction.

Vocabulary

• Desert: A very hot and dry environment.
• Rainforest: The Amazon is the largest rainforest in the world.
• Remain/Stay: To continue to be in a particular place.
• Medicines: Drugs used to treat illnesses.
• Wild: Untamed or undomesticated (e.g., a wild dog can be dangerous).

Common Questions

• Are you from...?
• Have you been to London many times?
• What do you