Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of English

Vocabulary

1.

• 1. Trash
• 2. Voyage
• 3. Avoid
• 4. Landfills
• 5. Shortcut
• 6. Amount
• 7. Harmful
• 8. Halfway
• 9. A drop in the ocean

2.

1. E
2. F
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. B

3.

1. Carbon footprint
2. Renewable energy
3. Litter
4. Fuel

Grammar

4.

1. Could do / Could have done
2. Shouldn’t wear
3. May / Can / Could … have
4. Can’t believe
5. May / Might not have seen
6. Needn’t / Don’t have to pay

5.

1. Susan shouldn’t / needn’t have brought so many bottles. / Susan didn’t have to bring so many bottles.
2. Otherwise, I would have mentioned it.
3. That’s why I didn’t have to get up so early.
4. Could / Can we give you a lift?

6.

1. We had better leave immediately.
2. He shouldn’t wear pale colors.
3. You had better not say a word to anyone!

Vocabulary

1.

1. Went bald
2. Picked up
3. Ingest
4. Inhabit
5. Used up
6. Emits
7. Fool

2.

1. Caught the waiter’s eye
2. Pick up so many languages
3. Cut

Ability: Can - Could - Be Able to

We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability. She can speak six languages - My grandfather could play golf very well. I can't drive - I won't be able to drive that lorry.

Probability: May, Might (something is possible)

He may be in his office (perhaps) (may not) - John might not be in his office (mightn't)

When talking about possible plans, I may (might) be going to Italy in July (it's possible) - I may (might) go to Italy in July (it's possible)

Deduction: Can't Be - Must Be

It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside - This bill can't be right (£200 for two cups of coffee!)

Obligation: Must (possibly based on the speaker's opinion)

Children must do their homework - We have to wear a uniform at work... Continue reading "English Grammar: Ability, Probability, Deduction, Obligation, Permission, Advice, and Suggestions" »

Bullying: A Growing Concern

I think that bullying is an important problem in our country and society. Furthermore, bullying is dangerous for children and young people because their feelings at those ages are very sensitive. When children feel threatened, they don't know what to do and they can commit suicide or simply avoid society. Many children don't tell their parents when they are being bullied by other children in their school because they are frightened. Although, I'd like these children to be less afraid over time. Last month, I watched on TV an incident in a school in Spain. One boy killed a classmate because he thought that the boy was saying private things. In my opinion, adults should be careful with the bullying their children face.... Continue reading "Addressing Social and Environmental Issues" »

Technology's Impact on Teenagers

Benefits of Technology for Teens

Teenagers use technology constantly because it simplifies their lives and offers opportunities for learning. They primarily use the internet to search for information and connect with others through social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter. This allows them to expand their knowledge and interact with people worldwide.

Potential Downsides of Technology Use

However, internet use can become addictive for some young people, leading to significant problems in their lives. Excessive screen time can negatively impact their personal lives and relationships.

The Rapid Pace of Technological Advancements

In recent years, technology has advanced so rapidly that it's been difficult to... Continue reading "How Technology Impacts Teenagers: Benefits and Challenges" »

The Beginnings of English Literature: Beowulf

Why Study Beowulf?

• Historical Information
• Understanding Language Use by Famous Writers
• Vocabulary Development

Literary Devices in Beowulf

Beowulf utilizes various literary devices, including alliteration, assonance, caesura, and kennings, to enhance the reader's understanding and interpretation of the text. For example, the alliteration in "Marshes, and made his home in hell" emphasizes the hellish nature of Grendel's dwelling.

Anglo-Saxon Culture

Anglo-Saxon England saw the emergence of a distinct culture, with the Northumbrian dialect playing a significant role. Despite the destruction caused by Viking invasions, around 30,000 lines of Anglo-Saxon poetry have survived. King Alfred the Great played a crucial... Continue reading "A History of English Literature: From Beowulf to Milton" »

English Language Exercises

Phrases

1. Settle for
2. Inherited
3. Faked
4. Overheard
5. Nodded
6. Flee
7. Got to
8. Take a break

Reasons

1. Because he is jealous
2. Because she cheated on him
3. Because both are artists
4. Because he prefers to ignore them
5. Because she is very strong
6. He doesn't want to know anything about him.

Vocabulary

1. Marriage
2. Appreciative
3. Dedicated
4. Enjoyable
5. Sense
6. Origin
7. Use
8. Lose

More Phrases

1. She has a boyfriend
2. Are overprotective
3. To have a brother
4. Barça scored the goal
5. Be married
6. Very strong
7. Nullify the goal
8. Take after

Relative Clauses

Defining Relative Clauses

1. Alice didn't recognise the man who called out her name.
2. Have you met Jules who you will be staying with next week?
3. They visited the old cathedral, which was very impressive.
4. In the forest, we found a cottage where an old farmer lives.
5. I'm

The Android's Awakening

Part 1

Year 2078: Humans and androids coexist on Earth. Slowly, technology replaces human life. However, a terrifying truth lies hidden: some of these fascinating machines, with feelings and thoughts like real people, are unaware of their true nature.

In this world, we meet Bernard, a renowned scientist turning 50. Grieving the recent loss of both parents, he stumbles upon a life-altering discovery while searching through old files.

In a strange folder labeled "X," he finds medical records indicating his mother, Mrs. Anne Matthews, struggled to conceive. Shocked, Bernard spends the night poring over the documents until exhaustion claims him, plunging him into a deep sleep filled with revealing dreams.

Year 2028

A long, dimly... Continue reading "The Android's Awakening: A Dystopian Tale of Identity and Technology" »

English-Spanish Vocabulary

Common Verbs

Accomplish, achieve: conseguir, assolir

Attempt: intent

Bargain: regatejar

Cope: sortir-se'n

Decrease: reduir

Deal: oferta

Delighted: encantada

Disrupt: interrompre

Enable: permetre, fer possible

Encourage: animar, fomentar

Effort: intent, esforç

Fulfil: complir

Get started: empezar

Ignore: ignorar

Injure: ferir

Isolate: aïllar

Lack of: falta de

Litter: llençar escombreries

Misunderstand: malinterpretar

On the move: en movimiento

Promote: promocionar

Rate: tarifa

Share: compartir

Succeed: tenir èxit

Toward: hacia

Upgrade: millorar

Upcoming: próximo

Other Words

Breathtaking: imponent

Brought about: provocado

Clever move: movimiento inteligente

Force: fuerza

Funded: fundado

Stall: parada

English Grammar Review

Verb Tenses

Present Simple

Used... Continue reading "English-Spanish Vocabulary and Grammar Guide" »

To Kill a Mockingbird: Frequently Asked Questions

• Where does the story take place?

  Maycomb, Alabama.

• What is Scout's real name?

  Jean Louise Finch.

• Where are Scout and Jem's mother?

  She died of a sudden heart attack when Scout was two years old.

• What is rumored about Boo Radley?

  It's rumored that he once stabbed his father with scissors.

• Who is Dill?

  Charles Baker Harris ("Dill") is a boy staying next door for the summer with his Aunt Rachel Haverford.

• Why does the teacher, Miss Caroline, get mad at Scout?

  Because Scout already knows how to read.

• Why won't Walter Cunningham borrow a quarter?

  Because his family is poor and proud, and they never take anything they cannot pay back.

• What does Walter Cunningham do at lunch at the Finches'?

  He pours molasses syrup