Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Economy

Balance Sheet Structure

Assets

Non-Current Assets

• Intangible Assets (Industrial property less Accumulated depreciation of intangible property)
• Property, Plant and Equipment (Buildings, furniture, and technical equipment less Accumulated depreciation)
• Investment Property (Investment buildings less Accumulated depreciation and Impairment of investment property)
• Non-Current Financial Assets (Non-current investments in equity instruments)
• Deferred Tax Assets

Current Assets

• Inventories (Merchandise less Impairment of merchandise plus Advances to suppliers)
• Trade and Other Receivables (Trade receivables, other receivables, and tax receivables less Impairment of trade receivables)
• Other Current Assets (Prepaid expenses)
• Current Financial Investments (Receivables

Inflation

Inflation is a persistent or sustained rise in the general level of prices over a period of time.

Types of Inflation

• Cost-Push Factors: Costs that a business has to meet, such as wages or raw materials.
  • Food Costs: Increase in the wholesale price index of essential food items.
  • Raw Materials: Steel, copper, oil, and gas rising in price.
  • Wage Cost: If the workers don't produce more goods to sell, production costs will rise.
  • Land Cost: Rise in the price of lands.
  • Exchange Rate Cost: The prices of one currency in terms of another currency impact business costs.
• Demand-Pull Inflation: Occurs when rising demand pushes up the prices of goods.

Consequences of Inflation

• Poor: The poor are the first to suffer from inflation.
• People on Fixed Incomes: These

Advantages:

Time: On YouTube, visitors spend significantly more time than on other display ads. Visitors will be much more likely to be drawn in by advertisements due to the longer session length. Whenever it comes to mobile phones, the rate is substantially greater.

• Finding the correct target audience: Rather of broadcasting advertisements to everyone in the public, advertisers should concentrate on a certain demographic. Customers may be targeted based on themes, keywords, categories, placements, as well as other factors like area, gender, and age. To put it differently, you have complete control over who sees your adverts.

Disadvantages:

Sales Conversion: Sales conversion rates for YouTube advertising are exceedingly low. YouTube video watchers... Continue reading "Advantages and Disadvantages of YouTube and Twitter Advertising" »

Economic Objectives of Business

Business is an economic activity, and therefore, its primary purpose is to achieve economic results. The key economic objectives of business are as follows:

• Earning Profit

  Profit signifies the excess of income over expenditure. The foremost and prime objective of every businessman is to earn profit. A business cannot survive without earning profit. It is not only essential for survival but also crucial for the growth and expansion of the business.

• Market Standing & Customer Creation

  A business can survive for a longer period only if it can capture a significant market share and establish strong market standing. This is possible only when the business provides goods and services that satisfy the needs and wants

International Business Terminology

Certificate of Origin

A certificate of origin (CO) is a document that certifies the country of origin of goods being shipped. It is required by customs authorities of the importing country.

Intellectual Property

Intellectual property (IP) refers to legal rights that result from intellectual activity in various fields. Common forms of IP include patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets.

Transfer of Technology

The sharing of scientific information, technology, and manufacturing know-how between firms, universities, or other institutions is known as the transfer of technology.

Franchising

In franchising, a franchisee is allowed to use a trade name or trademark in offering goods or services to the public in... Continue reading "International Business: Key Concepts and Terminology" »

1) Which of the following is a tax?

I. A 1% special sales tax for funding local Road construction.

II. A fee paid to the state for a license To practice as an attorney.

III. An income tax imposed by Philadelphia On persons working within the city limits.

IV. A special property assessment for Installing a new water system in the taxpayer's neighborhood.

E) I and III are correct.

2) Marc, a single taxpayer, earns $60,000 In taxable income and $5,000 in interest from an investment in city of Birmingham Bonds. Using the U.S. Tax rate schedule for year 2018, how much federal tax will he owe? (Use tax rate schedule) C) $9,139.50

3) Marc, a single taxpayer, earns $60,000 In taxable income and $5,000 in interest from an investment in city of Birmingham... Continue reading "I is correct ii is correct" »

Consequences of Eliminating Export Tax on Cashew Nuts

By eliminating the export tax on raw cashew nuts, it was believed that removing trade barriers would alleviate poverty by increasing the price farmers would receive. Several industrialists who purchased factories opposed the elimination of the export taxes on cashew nuts. The advice failed because the World Bank did not completely analyze the consequences of lifting the export tax barrier. They applied economic theory without considering if the theory would be pertinent in light of the development history of Mozambique. Some consequences were that workers and farmers lost their jobs.

Capital According to De Soto

1. Describe the definition of capital according to De Soto. Why in the non-Western

Core Commercial Service Logistics Parameters

From a logistics perspective, commercial services fundamentally rely on three key parameters:

• Merchandise availability for immediate delivery to the client.
• Quick merchandise delivery.
• Reliability of the promised delivery date to the customer.

Warehouse Definition and Challenges

A warehouse is a "planned space for the efficient location and handling of materials and merchandise." Warehouses aim to solve two primary problems:

• Correct layout design.
• Efficient handling of operational processes (product inputs and outputs).

Warehouse Operational Processes

A warehouse can be considered a production center where a series of processes are carried out:

• Receiving merchandise.
• Product adaptation (packing, labeling, etc.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

The IMF is an organization created to control the fixed exchange rate established in Bretton Woods.

The IMF's primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system—the system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries (and their citizens) to transact with each other. The Fund's mandate was updated in 2012 to include all macroeconomic and financial sector issues that bear on global... Continue reading "International Financial Institutions: IMF, OECD, WTO" »

Chapter 2

Paragraph Structure:

• Topic sentence: states the topic and introduces the main idea

• Body sentences: support the topic sentence

• Concluding sentence: restates the main idea and ends the paragraph

Steps to develop:

Narrow the topic: make it more specific. You can use brainstorming, questioning, or freewriting.

Topic sentence: it introduces the topic to the paragraph, it states the paragraph’s controlling idea, it is the most general sentence in the paragraph, and it is followed by other sentences that provide supporting facts and examples.

Controlling idea: writer’s opinion or attitude

Supporting ideas: facts and examples that provide the reader with interesting information about the subject matter

You can organize your ideas in:

Time order:... Continue reading "Effective Paragraph Structure and Revision Techniques" »