Cell Division: Budding, Sporulation, and Meiosis
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Special Types of Cell Division
- Budding: Casts asymmetric cytoplasmic material; the daughter cell emerges as a bud from one side of the mother, such as in yeast or sponges.
- Sporulation: Several successive mitoses occur without cytokinesis; multinucleate cells are formed, for example, in fungi and protozoa.
Meiosis
To condense, look better.
Meiosis I
Stages of Prophase I
It is the most complex stage, with five sub-phases:
- Leptotene: Chromosomes condense to become visible by light microscopy. Each is composed of two chromatids.
- Zygotene: Homologous chromosomes pair up until they are completely aligned along their length. This pairing is called synapsis and occurs through a protein structure called the synaptonemal complex.
- Pachytene: Crossover (chromatid